Browse "Nature & Geography"

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Article

Touch-me-not

Touch-me-not, or Jewelweed, are common names for family of herbaceous plants (Balsaminaceae) of which Impatiens is the principal genus. The genus name derives from the fact that a ripe seed capsule, when touched, explodes violently, projecting seed some distance.
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Article

Trans Mountain Pipeline Expansion Project

The Trans Mountain Expansion is a project to build about 980 km of new pipe, most of which will run parallel to the existing Trans Mountain oil pipeline. The new line will carry diluted bitumen, or “dilbit,” from Edmonton, Alberta to Burnaby, British Columbia. The expansion will increase the pipeline route’s overall capacity from 300,000 barrels per day to 890,000 barrels per day. The project’s first owner, Kinder Morgan Canada, sold it to the Government of Canada in 2018. The Trans Mountain Expansion has been a focus of environmental and economic debates, as well as political conflicts. The $12.6 billion project is now under construction.
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Article

Treeline

The treeline is controlled by CLIMATE in interaction with SOIL. In the North, it is correlated generally with the modal (most common) position of the southern edge of the arctic front in summer, and with such temperature indices as the July 10°C isotherm.
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Article

Trees in Canada

Trees are single-stemmed, perennial, woody plants taller than 3 m and exceeding 8 cm in diameter at breast height; shrubs are multistemmed and smaller. These definitions are somewhat arbitrary, since many species (e.g., willow, alder, cherry, maple) can grow as trees or shrubs, depending on the environment. Counting the 30-odd shrubs that assume tree form under favourable conditions, there are about 140 native Canadian trees. The largest and oldest grow in the Pacific temperate rain forest. Douglas fir is an imposing example and, although it does not reach the size of redwoods or the age of bristlecone pines, specimens 90 m tall, 5 m in basal diameter, and older than 1,000 years have been reported. Canada's tallest reported tree (95 m) is a Sitka spruce, the "Carmanah Giant" in the Carmanah Valley on the west coast of Vancouver Island. Canada's tallest Douglas fir, 94.3 m in height and 8.07 m in circumference, stands near Coquitlam, BC.
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Article

Triceratops

Triceratops is a genus of plant-eating, horned dinosaur. There are two species of Triceratops: T. Horridus and T. Prorsus. Triceratops lived between 68 million and 66 million years ago during the Late Cretaceous period. The name Triceratops is of Greek origin and means “three-horned face.” Triceratops remains are among the most abundant dinosaur fossils found, though this is more true in the United States than in Canada. In 1921, paleontologist Charles M. Sternberg found the first Triceratops fossil from Canada, discovered in southern Saskatchewan. Paleontologists have also discovered Triceratops fossils in Alberta. (See also Dinosaurs Found in Canada.)
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Article

Trillium

Trillium, common and generic name of a perennial plant of the Trilliaceae family (sometimes classified as a subfamily of the LILY family). The name derives from the arrangement of leaves, petals and sepals in groups of 3. The
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Article

Trilobite

Trilobites are extinct marine arthropods of the Palaeozoic era (544–300 million years ago). Their closest modern relative is the horseshoe crab. Trilobite fossils are relatively abundant throughout Canada.
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Article

Triticale

Triticale (Triticosecale Wittmack), the first man-made crop species, is initially produced by crossing wheat (genus Triticum) with rye (Secale), and resembles wheat.
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Article

Tuna

The tuna is a swift, elegant marine fish of class Actinopterygii, order Perciformes, family Scombridae (mackerels).
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Article

Tungsten

Tungsten (W), also called Wolfram, lapis ponderosus or Heavy Stone, is a silver-grey metallic element with the highest melting point of any metal (3410° C). Tungsten has a high density, high strength at elevated temperatures and extreme hardness.
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Article

Tunnels

Unlike other mountainous countries such as Switzerland, and despite its size, Canada is not distinguished by well-known tunnels.
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Article

Turnip

Turnip (Brassica rapa, Rapifera Group), biennial vegetable belonging to the Cruciferae family and grown in all provinces as a root crop.
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Article

Turtle Species in Canada

Turtles are reptiles with a bony shell that belong to the order Testudines. Turtles have been very successful from an evolutionary standpoint and have persisted, relatively unchanged, since they first evolved more than 200 million years ago. Eight species of freshwater turtles and four species of sea turtles can be found in Canada. In addition, two species — the Pacific pond turtle and the eastern box turtle — are extirpated. This means that, while they continue to live in other parts of their range, they are no longer found in Canada. There are 14 extant taxonomic families of turtles worldwide, six of which are found in Canada: Chelydridae (snapping turtles), Trionychidae (softshell turtles), Kinosternidae (musk and mud turtles), Emydidae (pond and marsh turtles), Dermochelyidae (leatherback sea turtle) and Cheloniidae (hard-shelled sea turtles). In Canada, turtles are found from coast to coast, from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific Ocean, although they are absent from the territories in the North.
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Article

Tyrant Flycatchers in Canada

Tyrant flycatchers (family Tyrannidae) are a large, diverse bird family present in the Americas. The name flycatcher also refers to some members of the family Muscicapidae and a few other birds.
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Macleans

Unfamiliar territory

Author J.B. MacKinnon’s latest explores our ever-shrinking, increasingly unnatural worldThis article was originally published in Maclean's Magazine on March 3, 2014
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