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Article

French Language in Canada

French is one of Canada’s two official languages. Although every province in Canada has people whose mother tongue is French, Québec is the only province where speakers of French are in the majority. In 2011, 7,054,975 people in Canada (21 per cent of the country’s population) had French as their mother tongue.
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Article

Frère Luc

Since works of art were generally imported from France at this time, he was most influential through his paintings for local churches, both during his sojourn in the colony and after his return to France.
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Article

Frère Marie-Victorin

Frère Marie-Victorin (born Conrad Kirouac), member of the Brothers of the Christian Schools, botanist, teacher (born 3 April 1885 in Kingsey Falls, QC; died 15 July 1944 in St-Hyacinthe, QC). A self-taught botanist, Frère Marie-Victorin was the first chair of botany at Université de Montréal, founder of the Institut de Botanique and the Montréal Botanical Garden, and author of Flore laurentienne (1935). He also co-founded the Association canadienne-française pour l'avancement des sciences, the Société canadienne d'histoire naturelle, and the Cercles des jeunes naturalistes, and actively promoted science in popular as well as academic publications. A French Canadian nationalist, Marie-Victorin believed that knowledge of Québec’s natural world would inspire pride in French Canadians and enable them to take possession of their land.
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Article

Fridtjof Nansen

Fridtjof Wedel-Jarlsberg Nansen, arctic explorer, scientist, artist, author, diplomat, humanitarian (born 10 October 1861 in Christiana [later Kristiana, now Oslo], Norway; died 13 May 1930 at Polhogda, near Oslo, Norway). Nansen was an influential polar explorer, one of several Norwegian adventurers (such as Otto Sverdrup) who explored the arctic. The Nansen sled, which he based on a traditional Inuit design, was used by renowned polar explorer and Geological Survey of Canada glaciologist Roy Koerner and is still in use today. Among his many accomplishments, Nansen won the 1922 Nobel Peace Prize “for his leading role in the repatriation of prisoners of war, in international relief work and as the League of Nations' High Commissioner for refugees.” In 1986, Canada became the first nation to receive the Nansen Refugee Award. Mount Nansen, Yukon, was named in his honour.
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Article

Fritz Brandtner

Fritz Brandtner, painter (b at Danzig [Gdansk, Poland], Germany 28 July 1896; d at Montréal 7 Nov 1969). Generally considered to have introduced German expressionism to Canada, Brandtner was trained in Berlin and came to Winnipeg in 1928. He worked as a house painter until L.L.
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Madeleine Alberta Fritz

Madeleine Alberta Fritz, palaeontologist (b at Saint John 3 Nov 1896; d at Toronto 20 Aug 1990).
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Front de libération du Québec (FLQ)

The Front de libération du Québec (FLQ) was a militant Quebec independence movement that used terrorism to try and achieve an independent and socialist Quebec. FLQ members — or felquistes — were responsible for more than 200 bombings and dozens of robberies between 1963 and 1970 that left six people dead. Their actions culminated in the kidnapping of British trade commissioner James Cross and the kidnapping and subsequent murder of Quebec cabinet minister Pierre Laporte, in what became known as the October Crisis.
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Article

Fuad Sahin

Ahmet Fuad Sahin (Şahin), MD, CM, OOnt (born 6 September 1922 in Turkey; died 4 November 2019 in Niagara-on-the-Lake, ON). Fuad Sahin was an early Muslim immigrant to Canada. He was a urologist who served the Greater Niagara Region. Moreover, he functioned as a local imam, community leader and humanitarian. Notably, Sahin helped found several Muslim organizations, such as the Council of Muslim Communities of Canada.
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Article

Fur Industry

The Canadian fur industry consists of companies that buy raw furs from trappers, dealers or fur-marketing companies (e.g., Hudson's Bay Company raw-fur auctions), send them to fur dressers and dyers in Toronto, match the skins and cut and sew them into garments. Most manufacturers make coats and most specialize in two or three types of fur only. Before the coat can be finished, it must go through a fur-cleaning process and some companies do only this. Some cleaners also maintain cold fur-storage vaults to house furs during the summer, but many retail furriers also have their own vaults. Fur factories are generally small, with 279 of the 280 factories employing fewer than 50 people; only one of the 280 operating factories employed more than 100 people in 1986. In that year there were 3,700 furriers in the manufacturing work force, with about 2950 in Quebec, 675 in Ontario and 75 in Manitoba. Almost all fur companies are Canadian owned; there is some foreign ownership, mainly American, in the retail sector and some Japanese investment in the manufacturing sector.
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Fur Trade in Canada

The fur trade was a vast commercial enterprise across the wild, forested expanse of what is now Canada. It was at its peak for nearly 250 years, from the early 17th to the mid-19th centuries. It was sustained primarily by the trapping of beavers to satisfy the European demand for felt hats. The intensely competitive trade opened the continent to exploration and settlement. It financed missionary work, established social, economic and colonial relationships between Europeans...
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Article

Nelly Furtado

Nelly Furtado. Singer, songwriter, b Victoria, BC, 2 Dec 1978. Furtado grew up in a working-class Portuguese household, and the sounds of her ethnic heritage had a strong influence on her even when she was listening to hip-hop, pop, dance, R&B, rock, Brazilian and Indian music.
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Article

Fusion 5

Fusion 5. Chamber ensemble formed in the summer of 1980 by participants in the Advanced Studies in Music Winter Cycle program at the Banff SFA. Common interests in the performance of contemporary music led composer and pianist Robert J.
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G. Herald Keefer

G. Herald Keefer. Organist, organ builder, composer, b Vancouver 12 Apr 1919; honorary PH D (Somerset, England) 1985. He received his early choir training in Vancouver under Frederick Robinson.
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G. Roy Fenwick

G. (George) Roy Fenwick. Educator, writer, adjudicator, broadcaster, b Hamilton, Ont, 11 May 1889, d Ottawa 8 Jul 1970; LTCM 1911, B MUS (Toronto) 1927, D MUS (Montreal) 1950. His mother was Maggie Barr, a Scottish soprano.
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G. Welton Marquis

G. (George) Welton Marquis. Musicologist, administrator, b Walla Walla, Wash, 4 Mar 1916, d Ashland, Ore, 22 Feb 1985; MA (Whitman) 1942, PH D (Southern California) 1950.
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