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Article

Filles du Roi

The Filles du Roi were a cohort of around 800 unmarried women sponsored by the King to immigrate to New France between 1663 and 1673. At the time, private interests instead gave priority to bringing over male workers. As a result, the French government and religious communities attempted to correct the gender imbalance in the colony. By facilitating the migration of the Filles du Roi, Minister Jean-Baptiste Colbert sought to incentivize male workers, who had finished their contract, and soldiers of the Carignan-Salières regiment (which had just been demobilized) to settle in the colony. Today, many people can trace their ancestry to the Filles du Roi.
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Article

Filmer Hubble

Filmer (Edwin) Hubble. Organist, choir conductor, teacher, adjudicator, b Dulwich, England, 12 Jan 1904, d Winnipeg 25 Nov 1969; honorary LL D (Manitoba) 1967. He moved to Winnipeg in 1921 and studied music with Hugh Ross, becoming his assistant organist at Holy Trinity Anglican Church.
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Macleans

Filmon Re-elected

Maybe Manitoba was always immune to the trend. Or perhaps the wave of anti-status quo, throw-the-bums-out sentiment that has swept North America - obliterating the federal Conservatives in the 1993 election and congressional Democrats in the United States last fall - is finally beginning to ebb.This article was originally published in Maclean's Magazine on May 8, 1995
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Macleans

Filmon Under Fire

With his rimless glasses, buttoned-down appearance and unflappable manner, Manitoba Premier Gary Filmon bears an uncanny resemblance to Superman's alter ego, Clark Kent.This article was originally published in Maclean's Magazine on April 19, 1999
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Article

Finger Eleven

Finger Eleven is a rock band that formed in Burlington, Ont, in 1989 under the name Rainbow Butt Monkeys with Scott Anderson (vocals), James Black (guitar), Rick Jackett (guitar), Sean Anderson (bass) and Rob Gobberman (drums). Rich Beddoe replaced Gobberman in 1998.
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Article

Finn Wolfhard

Finn Michael Wolfhard, actor, writer, director, musician, model (born 23 December 2002 in Vancouver, BC). Finn Wolfhard is best known for playing Mike Wheeler in the popular Netflix series Stranger Things (2016–present). He is also known for his roles in the Stephen King adaptations It (2017) and It Chapter Two (2019) and director Jason Reitman’s Ghostbusters: Afterlife (2021). Wolfhard has become a central figure in the contemporary Gen-X/Millennial’s interest in 1980s pop culture nostalgia.
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Article

Finnish Canadians

Between 1835 and 1865, several hundred immigrants from Finland settled in Alaska (which was part of Russia at that time). Many moved down the coast to British Columbia (see Sointula). Some early Finnish immigrants to Ontario worked on the construction of the first Welland Canal, which was completed in 1829. The 2021 census reported 144,055 people of Finnish origin in Canada.
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Article

Finta Case

In its first decision relating to the Finta war crimes case (1993), the Supreme Court of Canada permitted 3 interested groups to intervene - the Human Rights League of B'nai B'rith Canada, the Canadian Jewish Congress and InterAmicus.
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Article

Fiona Reid

Fiona Reid, Al Waxman and Helene Winston, stars of the popular television program King of Kensington (publicity photo, public domain). Fiona Reid Fiona Reid, actress (born at Whitstable, Kent, Eng 1951). Fiona Reid is the daughter of a British military doctor; the family lived in Germany, Africa and the US before coming to Canada in 1964. She was educated at Toronto's Lawrence Park Collegiate and studied theatre at McGill University in Montréal (BA 1972) and...
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Article

First Nations in Canada

First Nation is one of three groupings of Indigenous people in Canada, the other two being Métis and Inuit. Unlike Métis and Inuit, most First Nations hold reserve lands. Members of a First Nation may live both on and off these reserves. While the term First Nation can describe a large ethnic grouping (e.g. the Cree Nation), in other cases it is synonymous with the term band. The term band was originally chosen by the federal government and used in the Indian Act. The word band describes smaller communities. Many First Nations prefer the term First Nation over band.
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Timelines

Indigenous Peoples

Indigenous nations tell their own stories about the origins of the world and their place in it; all claim their ancestry dates to time immemorial. At the same time, there is considerable archeological debate about when humans first came to North America, though broad assumptions suggest waves of migration from northeastern Asia, by both land bridge and boat, between 30,000 and 13,500 years ago. Note: This timeline presents key events and developments in Indigenous history...
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Article

First Nations Bank of Canada

First Nations Bank of Canada (FNBC) is a Canadian chartered bank. Established in 1996 as a partnership between Saskatchewan Indian Equity Foundation (SIEF)—now Saskatchewan Indigenous Enterprise Foundation—and TD Bank, it is currently majority controlled by Indigenous shareholders. According to its mission statement, FNBC “exists to advance Indigenous prosperity and self-determination by delivering trusted, purpose-driven financial services, rooted in relationship, guided by culture and committed to long-term economic reconciliation.” (See also Reconciliation in Canada; Economic Conditions of Indigenous Peoples in Canada.)
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List

First Nations in Alberta

There are 46 First Nations in Alberta. First Nation is one of three groupings of Indigenous people in Canada, the other two being Métis and Inuit. Unlike Métis and Inuit, most First Nations hold reserve lands, and members of a First Nation may live both on and off these reserves (see also Reserves in Alberta). While the term First Nation can describe a large ethnic grouping (e.g. the Cree Nation), in other cases it is synonymous with the term band, a word originally chosen by the federal government and used in the Indian Act. The word band describes smaller communities, such as the ones listed below. Many First Nations prefer the term First Nation over band. In terms of larger ethnic groupings, First Nations in Alberta are part of the Blackfoot Confederacy (Siksikaitsitapi), Stoney, Tsuut’ina, Cree, Saulteaux, Nakota Sioux or Dene.
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List

First Nations in British Columbia

There are 203 First Nations in British Columbia. First Nation is one of three groupings of Indigenous people in Canada, the other two being Métis and Inuit. Unlike Métis and Inuit, First Nations may hold reserve lands, and members of a First Nation can live both on and off these reserves. While the term First Nation can describe a large ethnic grouping (e.g. the Dene Nation), in other cases it is synonymous with the term band, a word originally chosen by the federal government and used in the Indian Act. The word band describes smaller communities, such as the ones listed below. Many First Nations prefer the term First Nation over band. In terms of larger ethnic groupings, First Nations in British Columbia are part of the Coast Salish, Dakelh, Dene, Haida, Kaska Dena, Ktunaxa, Nisga’a, Nlaka’pamux, Okanagan, Secwepemc, Sekani, Stl’atl’imx, Sto:lo, Tahltan, Tlingit, Tsilhqot’in, Tsimshian and Wet’suwet’en.
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List

First Nations in Manitoba

There are 63 First Nations in Manitoba. First Nation is one of three groupings of Indigenous people in Canada, the other two being Métis and Inuit. Unlike Métis and Inuit, most First Nations hold reserve lands, and members of a First Nation may live both on and off these reserves (see also Reserves in Manitoba). While the term First Nation can describe a large ethnic grouping (e.g. the Cree Nation), in other cases it is synonymous with the term band, a word originally chosen by the federal government and used in the Indian Act. The word band describes smaller communities, such as the ones listed below. Many First Nations prefer the term First Nation over band. In terms of larger ethnic groupings, First Nations in Manitoba are part of the Ininew (Cree), Anishinaabe (Ojibwe), Oji-Cree, Dakota/Lakota (Sioux) or Dene. Manitoba is also a key part of the Métis Nation’s homeland and has a large Métis population.
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