Browse "Faith-based Communities"
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Catholicism in Canada
The Greek word katholikos means "general" or "universal." It refers most commonly to the Christianity that is in communion with the pope and the Church of Rome, that is, the beliefs and practices of a Catholic Church. The modern ecumenical movement often refers to all Christians as sharing in the church's Catholicism, which is derived from the universal headship and reign of Christ. According to the 2021 census, 10.9 million Canadians (29.9 per cent) identified as Catholic.
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Charles Arthurson
Charles “Charlie” John Arthurson, Anglican bishop (born 3 July 1937 in Norway House, MB; died 30 August 2025 in Prince Albert, SK). Charles Arthurson was the first Indigenous bishop in Canada. Arthurson was of Cree and Scottish heritage, and he was recognized as a bridge-builder throughout his life, connecting his cultural heritages. In becoming Canada’s first Indigenous bishop, Arthurson continued the pathfinding legacy of Indigenous people in the Anglican Church of Canada, started by Henry Budd as the first Indigenous Anglican minister in the 1850s. Arthurson was considered a central figure in Indigenous Anglican ministries in Canada.
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Christian Religious Communities in Canada
Christian religious communities are groups of people who have chosen to devote their lives to the work of their respective churches. The first Christian religious communities in what is now Canada were established in New France. In the 2011 National Household Survey (NHS), 22,102,745 Canadians identified as Christian. The majority of that number, 12,810,705 people, identify as Catholic.
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Clerics of Saint-Viateur
A religious congregation founded in 1831 in Vourles (near Lyons), France, by Father Louis-Marie Querbes to educate boys and to help in the general parish ministry.
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Dorothy Dworkin
Dorothy Dworkin, née Goldstick, nurse, midwife, travel agent, publisher, fundraiser, hospital director (born 1890 in Windau, Russian Empire; died 22 July 1976 in Toronto, ON). Dorothy Dworkin was one of the founders of Toronto’s Mount Sinai Hospital during the early 1920s and promoted efforts to provide better health care to the city’s Jewish community. She was an active fundraiser for charitable and humanitarian causes and helped arrange the passage of many immigrants from Eastern Europe to Canada (see Immigration to Canada).
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Edward Patrick Roche
Edward Patrick Roche, Roman Catholic archbishop of St. John’s, Newfoundland and Labrador (born 19 February 1874 in Placentia, Newfoundland; died 23 September 1950 in St. John’s). Roche was a prelate in the Roman Catholic Church and served as archbishop of St. John’s from 1915 until he died in 1950. He is best known for his opposition to Confederation with Canada. Roche was also a strong supporter of Catholic education in Newfoundland and oversaw the construction of many new schools. As archbishop, he championed healthcare and established St. Clare’s Mercy Hospital in St. John’s.
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Gabriel Kney
Gabriel M. Kney, pipe organ builder (born 21 November 1929 in Speyer, Germany; died 8 November 2024 in London, ON).
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Gurbax Singh Malhi
Gurbax Singh Malhi, PC, Member of Parliament, realtor (born 12 October 1949 in Punjab, India). Gurbax Singh Malhi is an Indian-born Canadian politician. He is a former Liberal member of Parliament, who was first elected to the House of Commons in 1993 and served until his defeat in 2011. He is notable for being the first turban-wearing Sikh elected to the House of Commons.
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Henry Morgentaler
Henekh (Henry) Morgentaler, CM, abortion advocate, physician (born 19 March 1923 in Lodz, Poland; died 29 May 2013 in Toronto, ON. Morgentaler spent much of his life advocating for women’s reproductive rights at a time when they could not legally obtain abortions. He established illegal abortion clinics across Canada, challenging the federal and provincial governments to repeal their abortion laws. As a result of his campaign (and the work of organizations such as the Canadian Abortion Rights Action League (CARAL)), the Supreme Court struck down federal abortion law as unconstitutional in 1988, thereby decriminalizing the procedure. Morgentaler was also the first to use the vacuum aspiration method in Canada, a safer procedure for women than previous methods.
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Huguenots
Huguenots, a popular term used since 1560 to designate French Protestants, some of whom became involved in the Newfoundland fishery and Canadian fur trade, and in abortive colonization attempts in Canada (1541-42), Brazil (1555) and the Carolinas (1562-64).
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Hutterites in Canada
Hutterites are one of three major Christian Anabaptist sectarian groups (the others are the Mennonites and the Amish) surviving today. They are the only group to strongly insist on the communal form of existence. The 2016 census recorded 370 Hutterite colonies in Canada. The total population living in Hutterite colonies was 35,010 people, with the majority located in Alberta (16, 935), Manitoba (11, 275), and Saskatchewan (6250).
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Irving Abella
Irving Martin Abella, CM, O Ont, FRSC, historian, professor, administrator (born 2 July 1940 in Toronto, ON; died 3 July 2022). Irving Abella was a professor of history at York University from 1968 to 2013. He was a pioneer in the field of Canadian labour history and also specialized in the history of Jewish people in Canada. Abella was co-author of the book None Is Too Many: Canada and the Jews of Europe 1933–1948, which documented antisemitism in the Canadian government’s immigration policies. Abella served as president of the Canadian Jewish Congress from 1992 to 1995 and helped establish the Centre for Jewish Studies at York University. He was a Member of the Order of Canada and the Order of Ontario and a Fellow of the Royal Society of Canada.
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Jehovah's Witnesses
Jehovah’s Witnesses traces its beginnings to the Advent Movement during the 1800s. Jehovah's Witnesses, religious denomination known internationally for tireless door-to-door EVANGELISM, large conventions, and members' refusal to bear arms, salute flags or accept blood transfusions.
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The Jesuit Relations
The Jesuit Relations is a collection of the annual reports written by the Jesuit missionaries in Canada and sent to France from 1632 to 1672. These reports are an important historical resource regarding all of the events which occurred in the colony during this period. More specifically, they describe the central role played by the members of the Society of Jesus in the colonization of North America. (See Population Settlement of New France.) These reports provide an overview of the colonial vision of the times and describe the successes and failures of the missionaries in their efforts to convert the First Nations. Printed and distributed in Paris, primarily as a propaganda tool, the Jesuit Relations are very popular with travel literature enthusiasts. They remain a unique source of information regarding the early days of New France.
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Jesuits
The Society of Jesus was founded in Paris in 1534 by Saint Ignatius Loyola, a Spanish soldier who underwent a profound religious experience while recovering from serious wounds. Loyola called the society "The Company of Jesus" to indicate its military spirit. The order was authorized in September 1540 to ordain its members. The name "Jesuits" (meaning those who too frequently use or appropriate the name of Jesus) was used against the order as a term of reproach but in time was accepted by its members.
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