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Article

Special Olympics in Canada

Special Olympics is a global sports organization for people with intellectual disabilities. The impetus for the organization was research done by Canadian sports scientist Dr. Frank Hayden, who helped develop the first International Special Olympics Games in Chicago in 1968. The World Games are now held every two years and alternate between summer and winter events. The 2015 Summer Games were held in Los Angeles, California, and the 2017 Winter Games will be held in Austria. Canada began holding National Games in 1969, thanks to the efforts of broadcaster Harry “Red” Foster. Like the World Games, the National Games alternate between summer and winter events, with the 2014 Summer Games held in Vancouver, British Columbia, and the 2016 Winter Games held in Corner Brook, Newfoundland and Labrador. Special Olympics Canada has chapters in all provinces and territories, except Nunavut, and there are currently more than 40,000 children, youth and adults registered in Special Olympics programs across the country.
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Article

Species at Risk Legislation in Canada

Species at risk are species, subspecies or populations of animals, plants or fungi that are broadly considered to be in decline. In most cases, if the decline is not addressed, these species could be at risk of extinction. Canada is home to many species at risk, whether globally, nationally or locally (see Environmental Movements in Canada). Many pieces of legislation aim to prevent the decline or extinction of wild species in Canada, most notably the federal Species at Risk Act. Every province and territory also has its own regionally specific legislature.
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Article

Indigenous Peoples and Specific Claims

Specific claims originate in First Nations’ grievances over outstanding treaty obligations, or the administration of Indigenous lands and assets under the Indian Act. Specific claims have been dealt with by several mechanisms since 1973. The Specific Claims Tribunal — an independent judicial body created by the federal government in 2009 — has the authority to make final and binding decisions.
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Article

Specific Learning Disabilities

Children and youth with learning disabilities typically have average to above average intelligence but also have problems perceiving (making sense of) or using information that results in a pattern of uneven abilities and observable weaknesses in reading, writing, speaking, listening, problem solving, mathematics, and social skills.
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Article

Spectroscopy

Spectroscopy is the field of study that examines, measures and interprets the electromagnetic spectra produced when radiant energy is emitted or absorbed by a substance. Spectroscopic methods are important in performing chemical analyses of substances and are used in astronomy.
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Article

Speech from the Throne

The Speech from the Throne declares a government’s agenda for a new session of the legislature. The speech contains comments on the state of the country or province and outlines the matters on which the government will seek action. The monarch or their representative — the governor general federally and the lieutenant-governor provincially — delivers the speech; but it is entirely the work of the Cabinet ministers.
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Article

Speed Skating

Speed-skating races are held for men and women both indoors and outdoors. Outdoor races are held on open-air oval tracks 400 m in length. Two competitors race in separate lanes against the clock, changing lanes at each lap so that both skaters go the same distance.
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Macleans

Sperm Scare

During the mid-1970s, a Canadian Wildlife Service researcher discovered that birds in Lake Ontario were behaving in a bizarre way: unable to find mates, pairs of female herring gulls were nesting together and devotedly tending clutches of eggs that usually turned out to be infertile.This article was originally published in Maclean's Magazine on April 1, 1996
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Article

Sperm Whale

The sperm whale (Physeter macrocephalus) has the largest brain in the animal kingdom. It is also the largest toothed whale species and has the widest global distribution of all marine mammal species. The name “sperm whale” comes from the substance spermaceti, which is found in the sperm whale’s head and is suspected to play a role in echolocation. These whales are specially adapted to hunt in the deep ocean, where there is no light.
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Article

Spiders in Canada

Spiders (Order Araneae) are a diverse and ecologically important group of arachnids found across Canada. More than 1,400 species have been documented across the country, representing between 45 and 50 taxonomic families. They are found in virtually every Canadian habitat, from forests and grasslands to mountains and urban environments. Spiders are present in every Canadian province and territory, and are even found on Ellesmere Island in Nunavut, the northernmost land in Canada. While often misunderstood and feared, spiders are generally harmless to humans and play a variety of crucial roles in Canadian ecosystems.
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Article

Spinach

Spinach (Spinacia oleracea), is a leafy, cool-season vegetable that belongs to the Chenopodiaceae family.
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Article

Spiny Softshell

The spiny softshell (Apalone spinifera) is a large freshwater turtle native to North America. Five subspecies are recognized across its range, but the Northern spiny softshell (Apalone spinifera spinifera) is the only subspecies native to Canada. In Canada, it is found in lakes and river systems in southwestern Ontario and at a single location in southern Quebec. Spiny softshell populations are declining in Canada, and this species is listed as Endangered under Canada’s Species at Risk Act.
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Article

Spiraea

Spiraea is a genus of small shrubs of the family Rosaceae (rose). The genus consists of some 70-80 species, as well as many horticultural varieties of garden origin that have resulted from hybridization. Probably the most noteworthy of these hybrids is S.
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Article

Spirit Bear

Spirit bears are rare white-coated black bears (Ursus americanus kermodei) that live in the coastal temperate rainforests of Northwest British Columbia. Their striking colour is caused by an uncommon recessive genetic trait. Spirit bears are not a unique species or subspecies, but a unique colouration of the coastal British Columbian black bear subspecies kermodei. Referred to as moksgm’ol, meaning “white bear,” by Tsimshian coastal First Nations, spirit bears play an important role in local culture and increasingly in Indigenous-led ecotourism. The spirit bear is the provincial mammal of British Columbia.
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Article

Spodumene

Spodumene is a lithium aluminum silicate (8.0% Li2O, 27.4% Al2O3, 64.6%SiO2) and is the world's most common commercially mined lithium ore mineral. Petalite, lepidolite and amblygonite are also mined in different parts of the world.
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