Browse "Science & Technology"

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Article

Applied Mathematics

Applied mathematics is any valid mathematics that arises in the evolution and dispatch of real-world problems. It may use all of the techniques of "pure" mathematics, but the two differ in the sources of problems addressed and the uses to which solutions will be put. Therefore, applied mathematics can involve engineering, physics and other fields, in addition to pure mathematics.
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Article

Aquaculture

Aquaculture is the human-controlled cultivation and harvest of freshwater and marine plants and animals. Synonyms include fish farming, fish culture, mariculture, fish breeding and ocean ranching.
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Article

Aquarium

An aquarium is an organization devoted to the public exhibition of both freshwater and marine aquatic life. Exhibit species may include not only fish but also other aquatic animals.
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Article

Archaeological Survey of Canada

The Archaeological Survey of Canada (ASC) was established in 1971. It is the division of the Canadian Museum of History that deals with the archaeological heritage of Canada. The major goals of the ASC are to preserve archaeological sites, research into the history of Canadian Indigenous peoples and present the results of archaeological research to the public, through publications and exhibitions. The ASC’s Mercury Series of monographs is one of the main outlets for the reporting of archaeological research in the country. Its exhibitions, both in the Canadian Museum of History and smaller ones that travel across the country, enhance public understanding of the traditions of the Indigenous peoples of Canada. (See also Archaeology.)
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Article

Archaeology

The archaeological record is sometimes divided into historic and prehistoric periods, depending on the availability of written sources. In Canada, the prehistoric record extends back as much as 30 000 years (see Prehistory) in unglaciated portions of the northern Yukon.
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Article

Archaeology in Québec

One of the most important events of this period was the creation of the Société d'archéologie préhistorique du Québec (SAPQ). It brought together a dynamic group of volunteers, moved by their desire to give Québec archaeology the highest possible standards.
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Article

Arpent

Arpent, a French measure of length and area. Numerous regional variants of the arpent coexisted in 17th-century France; of these, the arpent de Paris came into use in Canada before 1636 as part of a system of measures. The arpent de superficie, or square arpent (equivalent to 0.
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Article

Artemis II

Artemis II was an astronaut moon mission that flew in 2026. Canadian Space Agency (CSA) astronaut Jeremy Hansen and three NASA astronauts flew around the far side of the moon to test the Orion spacecraft for future moon missions. Funding for the robotic Canadarm3 system paid for Hansen’s participation on the flight. CSA astronaut Jenni Gibbons served as Hansen’s backup and communicated with the astronauts during the lunar flyby. The mission served as an example of international collaboration and included other contributions from Canada such as the development of an exercise flywheel and space-friendly food.
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Article

Arthritis

The word "arthritis "comes from the Greek arthron"joint" and itis "inflammation".
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Article

Arthritis Society

The Arthritis Society is the only registered nonprofit agency in Canada devoted solely to funding and promoting arthritis research, patient care and public education. The Canadian Arthritis and Rheumatism Society, as the society was called until 1977, was founded on 14 October 1947.
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Macleans

Artificial Heart Developed

This article was originally published in Maclean’s magazine on January 25, 1999. Partner content is not updated. Before the end of this year, Ottawa heart surgeon Dr. Wilbert Keon hopes to open the chest of a patient whose heart has reached a state of "terminal failure" and install a shiny plastic-encased object a little larger than a mans fist.
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Article

Artificial Intelligence (AI) in Canada

The term artificial intelligence (AI) refers to the capacity of a machine to simulate or exceed intelligent human activity or behaviour. It also denotes the subfield of computer science and engineering committed to the study of AI technologies. With recent advancements in digital technology, scientists have begun to create systems modelled on the workings of the human mind. Canadian researchers have played an important role in the development of AI. Now a global leader in the field, Canada, like other nations worldwide, faces important societal questions and challenges related to these potentially powerful technologies. Click here for definitions of key terms used in this article.
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Macleans

Artificial Mini-Hearts Developed

Medicine's holy grail might be whirring away at a lab outside San Francisco, Calif. where, in rows of containers, tiny rotary pumps relentlessly speed a clear liquid solution through a tube.
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Article

Asbestos Strike of 1949

The Asbestos Strike began on 14 February 1949 and paralyzed major asbestos mines in Quebec for almost five months. The Quebec government sided with the main employer, an American-owned company, against the 5,000 unionized mine workers. From the start, the strike created conflicts between the provincial government and the Roman Catholic Church, which usually sided with the government (see Catholicism in Canada). One of the longest and most violent labour conflicts in Quebec history, it helped lay the groundwork for the Quiet Revolution. This is the full-length entry about the Asbestos Stike of 1914. For a plain-language summary, please see Asbestos Stike of 1949 (Plain-Language Summary).
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Article

Asbestos Strike of 1949 (Plain-Language Summary)

Asbestos is a mineral. It has many uses. For instance, it can be used for insulation, furnaces and brake pads. Quebec produced the most asbestos in the world by 1949, 85 per cent. In February 1949, thousands of miners in a town called Asbestos as well as Thetford Mines went on strike (see Val-des-Sources (Asbestos)). The government in Quebec was against the workers. It sided with the main employer, the American-owned Johns-Manville Company. The Catholic Church was for the workers (see Catholicism in Canada). This made the government and the Church clash. The strike is famous for two main reasons. First, it was violent. Second, it contributed to the creation of the Quiet Revolution in the 1960s. The Quiet Revolution was a time when francophones assumed more leadership positions in Quebec. This article is a plain-language summary of the Asbestos Strike of 1949. If you are interested in reading about this topic in more depth, please see our full-length entry, Asbestos Strike of 1949.
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