Browse "People"
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Interview
In Conversation with Danielle Goyette
On 22 June 2015, Danielle Goyette spoke to Jeremy Freeborn at her office at the University of Calgary, where she is the head coach of the University of Calgary Dinos women’s hockey team.
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Interview
In Conversation with Ian Millar
On 9 September 2014, author Jeremy Freeborn interviewed two-time World Cup Finals champion and Olympic silver medalist Ian Millar.
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Interview
In Conversation with Kay MacBeth
Kay MacBeth (née MacRitchie) was the last player to join the Edmonton Grads, a women’s basketball team James Naismith, inventor of the game, considered “the finest basketball team that ever stepped out on a floor.” At 95 years old, MacBeth is also the last surviving Grad, a club that played from 1915 to 1940. In those 25 years, the Grads accumulated a record that is quite possibly beyond parallel. Over the course of some 400 official outings, the Grads lost only 20 games. The Grads were both national and world champions who often defeated their opponents by lopsided scores. MacBeth played for the Grads in 1939–40. This interview has been edited for length and clarity.
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Interview
In Conversation with Kyle Shewfelt
On 15 December 2015, Kyle Shewfelt spoke to Jeremy Freeborn for The Canadian Encyclopedia at Canada’s Sports Hall of Fame in Calgary.
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Interview
In Conversation with Lindsay Mattick
“Every so often, you become aware that a fictional story has an equally beautiful, real and true story behind it — and that doesn’t happen every day.”
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Interview
In Conversation with Michael Edgson
Swimmer Michael Edgson of North Vancouver, British Columbia, won a Canadian record 17 Paralympic gold medals, including nine gold medals at the 1988 Paralympic Games, the most by a Canadian at a single Paralympic Games.
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Interview
In Conversation with Mike Weir
On 7 October 2016, the 2003 Masters golf champion Mike Weir of Sarnia, Ontario, spoke to Jeremy Freeborn for The Canadian Encyclopedia.
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Interview
In Conversation with Rod Matheson
Social Media & Outreach Editor Zach Parrott interviews Rod Matheson for The Canadian Encyclopedia.
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Article
In Tribute to Peter Lougheed
The following article is an editorial written by The Canadian Encyclopedia staff. Editorials are not usually updated.
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Article
Indian Act
The Indian Act is the primary law the federal government uses to administer Indian status, local First Nations governments and the management of reserve land. It also outlines governmental obligations to First Nations peoples. The Indian Act pertains to people with Indian Status; it does not directly reference non-status First Nations people, the Métis or Inuit. First introduced in 1876, the Act subsumed a number of colonial laws that aimed to eliminate First Nations culture in favour of assimilation into Euro-Canadian society. A new version of the Act was passed in 1951, and since then, has been amended several times, most significantly in 1985, with changes mainly focusing on the removal of discriminatory sections. It is an evolving, paradoxical document that has enabled trauma, human rights violations and social and cultural disruption for generations of Indigenous peoples. This article is a full-length entry about the Indian Act. For a plain-language summary, please see Indian Act (Plain-Language Summary).
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Article
Indian Act (Plain-Language Summary)
The Indian Act was first created in 1876. A new version was created in 1951. Since then, the Act has been revised several times. The main goal of the Act was to force First Nations peoples to lose their culture and become like Euro-Canadians. The Indian Act does not affect either the Métis or Inuit. This article is a plain-language summary of the Indian Act. If you are interested in reading about this topic more in depth, please see our full-length entry, Indian Act.
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Article
Indian Agents in Canada
Indian agents were the Canadian government’s representatives on First Nations reserves from the 1830s to the 1960s. Often working in isolated locations far from settler communities, Indian agents implemented government policy, enforced and administered the provisions of the Indian Act, and managed the day-to-day affairs of Status Indians. Today, the position of Indian agent no longer exists, as First Nations manage their own affairs through modern band councils or self-government.
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Article
Indian Film Crew
The Indian Film Crew (IFC) was the first entirely Indigenous film crew at the National Film Board of Canada. Operating from 1968 to 1970, the mission of the IFC was to document Canadian history from Indigenous viewpoints for a mass Canadian and international audience.
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Article
Indian Status
Indian Status is a legal identity defined by the Indian Act. It applies to some Indigenous peoples in Canada. People with status, known as Status Indians (or Registered Indians), fit the criteria for status as laid out in the Act. The terms of status — including who is considered Indian under the law — have changed over time. Outside legal contexts, Indian is a term that is now considered outdated and offensive.
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Article
Indian
The term Indian, when used to identify Indigenous peoples in South, Central and North America, is considered outdated and offensive. In Canada, the term has been used historically to refer to Indigenous peoples, but it also has modern legal significance. It is used to refer to legally defined identities set out in the Indian Act, such as Indian Status. For some Indigenous peoples, the term Indian confirms their ancestry and protects their historic relationship to the Crown and federal government. For others, the definitions set out in the Indian Act are not affirmations of their identity. (The term Indian in the context of this article does not refer to Indian people of South Asia. For more information on people of that community, please see South Asian Canadians.)
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