Browse "People"

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Article

Igor Gouzenko

Igor Sergeievitch Gouzenko, Soviet intelligence officer, author (born 26 January 1919 in Rogachev, Russia; died 25 June 1982 in Mississauga, ON). Igor Gouzenko was a Soviet cipher clerk stationed at the Soviet Union’s Ottawa embassy during the Second World War. Just weeks after the end of the war, Gouzenko defected to the Canadian government with proof that his country had been spying on its wartime allies: Canada, Britain and the United States. This prompted what is known as the Gouzenko Affair. Gouzenko sought asylum for himself and his family in Canada. His defection caused a potentially dangerous international crisis. Many historians consider it the beginning of the Cold War.
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Editorial

Editorial: Igor Gouzenko Defects to Canada

The following article is an editorial written by The Canadian Encyclopedia staff. Editorials are not usually updated. A knock on the apartment door froze him in his steps. Another knock, louder, more insistent. The knocking turned to pounding. A voice called his name several times. Finally, the pounding stopped, and he heard footsteps going down the stairs. He knew he needed help.
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Table

Canadian Men's Hockey Team at the World Championships

1920 to 1963 Note 1: Canada did not have a national hockey team until 1964. From 1920 to 1963, the winner of the Allan Cup usually represented the country at the Olympics and world championships. Note 2: From 1920 to 1968, the Olympic hockey tournament also counted as the world championship. Year Host Canadian Team Result Champion 1920 Antwerp, Belgium Winnipeg Falcons GOLD Canada 1924 Chamonix, France Toronto Granites GOLD Canada 1928 St. Moritz, Switzerland...
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Article

Illingworth Holey Kerr

His works can be seen in the Edmonton Art Gallery, the GLENBOW MUSEUM in Calgary, in the Lethbridge University Collection and in the Mendel Gallery, Saskatoon.
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Article

Ilona Kombrink

Ilona Kombrink, soprano, teacher (born 9 November 1932 in St Louis, MO; died 9 August 2013 in Stoughton, WI). Ilona Kombrink studied at the Curtis Institute, and was also a pupil of Weldon Kilburn.
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Article

Imant Raminsh

Imant (Karlis) Raminsh, composer, conductor, violinist, teacher (b at Ventspils, Latvia 18 Sep 1943, naturalized Canadian 1954).
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Article

Imant Raminsh

Imant (Karlis) Raminsh. Composer, conductor, violinist, teacher, b Ventspils, Latvia, 18 Sep 1943, naturalized Canadian 1954; ARCT 1962, B MUS (Toronto) 1966.
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Article

British Home Children in Canada

More than 100,000 boys and girls immigrated to Canada from the United Kingdom between the 1860s and the 1940s. Known as the “British Home Children,” these young people were orphans or came from poor families. Charitable organizations like The Salvation Army believed that these children would have greater opportunities in British dominions and colonies than in the United Kingdom. Many ended up working on farms or in domestic service. While some were treated well, others were abused or neglected. It is estimated that over 10 per cent of the Canadian population is descended from the British Home Children.
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Article

Economic Immigration to Canada

Canada’s current and future prosperity depends on recruiting immigrants. Newcomers fill gaps in the Canadian workforce, build or start businesses and invest in the Canadian economy. Economic immigrants include employees as well as employers. They mostly become permanent residents when they immigrate to Canada. Not included in this class are the many temporary foreign workers who contribute to Canada’s economy. (See also Immigration to Canada.) Economic immigrants bring talent, innovation, family members and financial investments to Canada. They also enrich the country’s culture, heritage and opportunities. Technological progress, productivity and economic growth all benefit from these newcomers. Studies show that they have little to no negative impacts on wages for other workers in the country. According to the 2021 census, 1.3 million immigrants settled in Canada between 2016 and 2021. The census identified 748,120 of the total 1.3 million living in Canada as economic immigrants.
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Article

Immigration to Canada

The movement of individuals of one country into another for the purpose of resettlement is central to Canadian history. The story of Canadian immigration is not one of orderly population growth; instead, it has been — and remains one — about economic development as well as Canadian attitudes and values. It has often been unashamedly economically self-serving and ethnically or racially discriminatory despite contributing to creating a multicultural society (see Immigration Policy in Canada; Refugees to Canada). Immigration has also contributed to dispossessing Indigenous peoples of their ancestral lands. This article is a full-length entry about immigration to Canada. For a plain-language summary, please see Immigration to Canada (Plain-Language Summary).
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Article

Immigration Detention in Canada

The federal government detains immigrants for administrative immigration reasons even if they have not committed a crime under the Criminal Code. The detention of migrants was not a highly publicized issue in Canada until deaths occurred in the Vancouver and Toronto immigration facilities in 2013 and 2016. The issue brought to light the conditions of thousands of people currently being detained. Immigration detainees are often isolated from community support and are unable to access doctors and lawyers. The prolonged periods of detention exacerbate existing mental health issues such as Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), which impacts many migrants coming to Canada from war-torn countries. Advocates argue that Canada's immigration detention system contravenes international human rights law (see International Law) and that more oversight is necessary to prevent further deaths in the future and to reform the system as a whole. (This version is the full-length article on immigration detention in Canada. If you wish to read a plain-language summary, please see Immigration Detention in Canada (Plain-Language Summary).)
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Article

Immigration Policy in Canada

Immigration policy is the way the government controls via laws and regulations who gets to come and settle in Canada. Since Confederation, immigration policy has been tailored to grow the population, settle the land, and provide labour and financial capital for the economy. Immigration policy also tends to reflect the racial attitudes or national security concerns of the time which has also led to discriminatory restrictions on certain migrant groups. (See also Canadian Refugee Policy.) (This is the full-length article on immigration policy in Canada. If you wish to read a plain-language summary, please see Immigration Policy in Canada (Plain-Language Summary).)
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Macleans

Impending Same-Sex Marriage Legislation

IT'S NOT THE kind of crowd given to chants, placards, or burning brands. Greying, neatly pressed, well-mannered, they line up patiently at the open microphone.
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Interview

In Conversation with Catriona Le May Doan

On 30 November 2015, Catriona Le May Doan spoke to Jeremy Freeborn for The Canadian Encyclopedia.
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Interview

In Conversation with Clara Hughes

On 6 October 2014, author Jeremy Freeborn interviewed Clara Hughes for The Canadian Encyclopedia. A six-time Olympic medalist in cycling and speed skating, Hughes cycled across Canada in 2014 to raise awareness of mental health issues.
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