Browse "Things"

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Article

Grasshopper

Grasshopper is the common name for straight-winged insects which, together with locusts, make up the order Orthoptera.
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Article

Gravity

Gravity, the fundamental physical property of attraction between all bodies, is here considered mainly as it relates to the study of the Earth.
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Article

Gray Ratsnake

The gray ratsnake (Pantherophis spiloides) is a non-venomous snake native to eastern North America. It is one of the largest snake species in North America. In Canada, the gray ratsnake is only found in southern Ontario, where it is restricted to two disjunct regions. Canadian populations are declining due to a variety of threats, including road mortality, habitat loss and intentional persecution by people. It is classified as a species at risk under Canada’s Species at Risk Act.
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Article

Gray Treefrog

The gray treefrog (Dryophytes versicolor, synonym Hyla versicolor) is a small to medium-sized treefrog native to Central and Northeastern North America. In Canada, they are found in New Brunswick, Quebec, Ontario, Manitoba and a small part of Eastern Saskatchewan. Gray treefrogs are well camouflaged; the scientific name versicolor means “changing colour” and refers to the frog’s ability to make their skin lighter or darker. Gray treefrogs have one of the loudest calls of any North American frog.
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Article

Grayling

Grayling is the common name for freshwater fishes of class Actinopterygii, family Salmonidae (salmon), subfamily Thymallinae (sometimes elevated to family rank). Graylings are most easily identified by their very large dorsal fins. The arctic grayling is the emblematic fish of the Northwest Territories.
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Article

Great Auk

The great auk (Pinguinus impennis), the largest and only flightless auk, is extinct. All auks are expert divers which swim underwater using their wings, but the great auk had flipper-like wings, too short for flight. It was the original penguin (true penguins are unrelated birds native to the Southern Hemisphere), and the largest recent member of the family Alcidae, probably weighing 5,500–8,000 g and stretching 65 cm long.
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Article

Great Awakening

Great Awakening, New England-based movement of religious revivalism and evangelical pietism which came to Nova Scotia in 1775 with Henry ALLINE's decision to preach; it subsequently spread across the Maritimes. The religious currents which produced it were international and at least a century old.
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List

Great Canadian Fauna

To celebrate its 30th anniversary, The Canadian Encyclopedia created 30 lists of 30 things that make us proud to be Canadian, from famous people and historic events, to iconic foods and influential artists.
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Article

Great Canadian Maple Syrup Heist

Over the course of several months in 2011 and 2012, a team of thieves stole approximately 2,700 tonnes of maple syrup from a strategic maple syrup reserve maintained in Quebec (see Maple Syrup Industry). The theft has been popularly dubbed as the Great Maple Syrup Heist. At the time of the heist, the stolen maple syrup was valued at nearly $18 million. The heist may be one of the largest thefts in Canadian history.
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Article

Great Coalition of 1864

The politics of the Province of Canada in the early 1860s were marked by instability and deadlock. The Great Coalition of 1864 proved to be a turning point in Canadian history. It proved remarkably successful in breaking the logjam of central Canadian politics and in helping to create a new country. The coalition united Reformers and Conservatives in the cause of constitutional reform. It paved the way for the Charlottetown Conference and Confederation.
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Article

Great Coalition of 1864 (Plain-Language Summary)

In the early 1860s, politics in the Province of Canada were unstable and deadlocked. The Great Coalition of 1864 was a turning point in Canadian history. It broke the logjam and helped to create a new country. It united Reformers and Conservatives in the cause of constitutional reform. This paved the way for the Charlottetown Conference and Confederation. This article is a plain-language summary of the Great Coalition of 1864. If you would like to read about this topic in more depth, please see our full-length entry: Great Coalition of 1864.
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Article

The Great Depression in Canada

The Great Depression of the early 1930s was a worldwide social and economic shock. Few countries were affected as severely as Canada. Millions of Canadians were left unemployed, hungry and often homeless. The decade became known as the Dirty Thirties due to a crippling drought in the Prairies, as well as Canada’s dependence on raw material and farm exports. Widespread losses of jobs and savings transformed the country. The Depression triggered the birth of social welfare and the rise of populist political movements. It also led the government to take a more activist role in the economy. This article is a full-length entry about the Great Depression in Canada. For a plain-language summary, please see Great Depression in Canada (Plain-Language Summary).
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Article

Great Depression in Canada (Plain-Language Summary)

The Great Depression took place in Canada and around the world in the 1930s. The term “Depression” is used to describe an economic decline that lasts for a long time. During the worst period of the Depression about 30 percent of Canadians were unemployed. This made life very difficult because Canada had few social programs at the time. This changed because of the Depression. In the 1930s the government created social programs to help those in need. It also became more involved in the economy. This article is a plain-language summary of the Great Depression in Canada. If you are interested in reading about this topic more in depth, please see our full-length entry, Great Depression in Canada.
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Article

Great Fire of Toronto (1904)

On 19 April 1904, a fire swept through 20 acres of Toronto’s industrial core. By the time firefighters contained it, the blaze had destroyed at least 98 buildings. The fire incurred around $10 million in losses and left thousands unemployed. One person died in its aftermath. The disaster is known as the Great Fire of Toronto or the Second Great Fire of Toronto (the first major fire occurred in 1849). It exposed the city’s need for safer building codes and a high-pressure water system.
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Article

Great Grey Owl

A native of northern boreal forests and taiga, the great grey owl (Strix nebulosa) is a large owl capable of near-soundless flight. Lightweight relative to its size (males average 0.9 kg, females, 1.3 kg), great grey owls are extra downy, with a high feather-to-body ratio and a unique complexity of feather composition and variety that allows it to hunt voles in the deep snow. The Tlingit name for the great grey owl is k’úkw. The great grey owl is the provincial bird of Manitoba.
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