Browse "Nature & Geography"

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Mayfly

Mayfly is the common name for small, fragile, soft-bodied insects comprising the order Ephemeroptera (from Greek ephemeros, meaning "living a day, " and ptera, “wings”). They may also be called shadflies or occasionally fishflies, but the latter is usually reserved for insects of the order Megaloptera. Over 3,000 species of mayfly are known worldwide, and 329 occur in Canada. Common species found throughout Canada include blue-winged olives (e.g., Baetis tricaudatus), speckled duns (e.g., Callibaetis ferrugineus), and hex (Hexagenia limbata). Other species are more common on a regional basis: e.g., Baetis bicaudatus in the West, and the little yellow quill (Leucrocuta hebe) in the East. Mayflies are one of the few surviving orders of insects found in the fossil record that date back to the Carboniferous Period (approx. 320 million years ago). In this period, they had wingspans of up to 45 cm. The oldest mayfly fossil found in Canada is from the Late Cretaceous and was discovered in the Wapiti Formation, southwest of Grande Prairie, Alberta; its age can be estimated at over 70 million years. (See also Geological History.)
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Article

Meadowlark

The meadowlark is a robin-sized bird with a bright yellow breast marked by a black crescent.
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Medicinal Crops

About a third of the world's estimated 400 000 species of higher or vascular plants have probably been used for medicinal purposes by indigenous societies, generally in a raw or minimally processed form.
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Article

Melon

The melon (Cucumis melo), is an annual, viny plant of the Cucurbitaceae family. The most important cultivated groups are cantaloupe, muskmelon, winter melon and sugar melon. Watermelon (Citrullus vulgaris) belongs to a different genus of the same family.
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Article

Mercury

Mercury (Hg) is a silvery white metal also known as quicksilver. Mercury is named for the Roman god of commerce, travel and thievery. It has been used for over 3000 years. Its chemical symbol, Hg, is derived from the Latin word hydrargyrum, which means "liquid silver.
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Metallurgy

Metallurgy is the art, science and technology of turning metals and alloys (i.e., materials consisting of two or more metals) into forms suitable for practical use.
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Metamorphic Rock

Metamorphic rock is one of the 3 major classes of rock comprising the Earth's crust, the others being SEDIMENTARY and IGNEOUS ROCKS. Metamorphic rock has been transformed, while in the solid state, by pressure, temperature and deformation.
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Mica

Phlogopite can be found in metamorphosed LIMESTONES, dolomites, serpentines and IGNEOUS ROCKS. It is light to dark brown and has properties and uses similar to muscovite.
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Article

Midge

Midges are small, slender-bodied flies with long antennae, belonging to various families. Three families are especially important: non-biting midges (Chironomidae), biting midges (Ceratopogonidae, also called no-see-ums), and gall midges (Cecidomyiidae). In Canada, there are more than 1,300 named species of midges from these groups, and scientists expect at least as many more live here. The larvae of most non-biting and biting midges are aquatic, while most larval gall midges live and feed inside of growths on plant tissues. Midges are found all across Canada and in a variety of habitats.
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Article

Midnight Sun

In the Arctic in the summer, the sun shines all night long.
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Article

Miguasha Fossils

In addition to fishes, a few INVERTEBRATES, such as small CRUSTACEANS, worms and eurypterids, which are giant cousins of land scorpions, lived at the bottom of the estuary.
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Milkweed

Milkweed is the common name for perennial, herbaceous plants of genus Asclepias, family Asclepiadaceae (from Greek physician Asclepius).
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Millet

Millets are various, usually annual, grass (family Poaceae) crops that are often grown as cereals (ie, the seeds are harvested as grain for human consumption).
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Millipede

Millipede (class Diplopoda), terrestrial, usually elongate arthropod with a small head and short antennae.
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Minnow

Many people refer wrongly to any small fish as a minnow. Properly, minnows are small to large freshwater fish of class Actinopterygii, order Cypriniformes, family Cyprinidae. The largest fish family, with over 1500 species (including carp, squawfish, dace, bream, etc), it is found worldwide, excluding South America, Australia and the far north. Fifty-three species occur in Canada. Some have restricted ranges (eg, redside dace, Clinostomus elongatus, of Lake Ontario drainages); others are found coast to coast. Carp (Cyprinus carpio) and goldfish (Carassius auratus) are familiar Asian minnows that have been introduced and become established in several provinces. Minnows inhabit waters from bogs to large lakes and rivers throughout Canada, except insular Newfoundland, and are often the most numerous fishes, both as species and individuals.
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