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  • Article

    Goaltender Masks

    The first goaltender to wear a mask in an organized ice hockey game was Ev Hardman of Calgary in 1899. The first National Hockey League (NHL) goalie to wear a mask was Clint Benedict in 1930. The first to wear one full-time was Jacques Plante of the Montreal Canadiens beginning in 1959. The construction and design of goalie masks gradually improved to include a caged section over the eyes and nose. This hybrid-style fibreglass mask was adapted for use in baseball by Toronto Blue Jays catcher Charlie O’Brien in 1996. However, concerns have arisen over the safety of goalie masks and goalie-style catcher masks, particularly their ability to protect against concussions.

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  • Article

    Goat Farming

    Goats (family Bovidae, genus Capra) areruminant mammals with backwardly arching hollow horns, short tail and usually straight hair; they are related to SHEEP but are of slighter build.

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  • Article

    Godbout Case

    In the Godbout case (1997), the Supreme Court of Canada unanimously decided that the obligation imposed on all its permanent employees by the city of Longueuil (near Montréal) that they live in the city was unconstitutional.

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  • Article

    Gold

    Gold (Au) is a bright, shiny, yellow metal, notable for its high density (19.3 times the weight of an equal volume of water) and valued for its extreme ductility, strong resistance to corrosion, lustrous beauty and scarcity. Pyrite, or fool's gold as it is sometimes known, can be distinguished from real gold by its brittleness and hardness as well as the fact that it appears black in powder form. As it is the least chemically active of all metals, gold usually occurs in a free or uncombined state. It is found as nuggets, flakes or dust in gravel and sand deposits along creeks and rivers, but more often gold is recovered from veins (called lodes) in bedrock. Gold is also produced as a by-product of base-metal mines; about one-fifth of Canada's gold production comes from this source. Gold is the mineral emblem of the Northwest Territories.

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  • Article

    Ned McGowan, Hill's Bar and the Fraser River Gold Rush

    For one brief historical moment in 1858, the most important spot in British Columbia was a gravel bed in the Fraser River about two kilometres south of Yale. It was only 45 metres long when the river was low (and invisible when the water rose). It was called Hill's Bar.

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  • Editorial

    The Fraser River Gold Rush and the Founding of British Columbia

    The following article is an editorial written by The Canadian Encyclopedia staff. Editorials are not usually updated. The year 1858 is the single most important year in British Columbia’s history. It was on 2 August of that year that an imperial act established the mainland colony of BC under the authority of Governor James Douglas. Beginning that spring, the Fraser River Gold Rush unleashed a chain of events that culminated a dozen years later in British Columbia joining the new Canadian Confederation (see British Columbia and Confederation). Without 1858, it is very possible there would have been no British Columbia, but rather an American state. Without 1858, Canada today might not extend from the Atlantic to the Pacific.

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  • Article

    Gold Rushes in Canada

    Gold rushes occurred in the mid- to late-19th century, primarily along North America’s West Coast from California to Alaska. In Canada, key events included the Fraser River, Cariboo and Klondike gold rushes, as well as the Fraser Canyon War and the founding of British Columbia as a colony in 1858. The worldwide production of gold tripled between 1848 and 1898, though this had relatively little impact on the Canadian economy. The gold rushes opened large territories to permanent resource exploitation and settlement by White people. They also resulted in the displacement and marginalization of many of the Indigenous communities in the region (see also Northwest Coast Indigenous Peoples; Central Coast Salish).

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  • Article

    Gold Standard

    The gold standard is a monetary system in which the value of the currency unit (the Canadian dollar, for example) is defined in relation to the value of gold.

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  • Article

    Golden Screen Awards

    The Cineplex Golden Screen Award for Feature Film (formerly the Golden Reel Award) recognizes the producer(s) of the Canadian feature film that achieved the highest box-office gross in Canada in the previous calendar year. In 2015, the Golden Screen Award for TV Drama/Comedy and the Golden Screen Award for TV Reality Show were introduced to recognize the highest-rated Canadian television programs. The winners are presented at the annual Canadian Screen Awards.

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  • Article

    Goldenrod

    Goldenrod, genus Solidago, showy, perennial, herbaceous plant of the Compositae or Asteraceae family.

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  • Article

    Goldeye

    The goldeye (Hiodon alosoides) [Lat alosoides, "shadlike"] is a relatively small, opportunistic foraging freshwater fish of the family Hiodontidae (order Osteoglossiformes). The mooneye (H. tergisus), the only other species in the family, is often confused with goldeye. They can be distinguished by the position of the dorsal fin, which is behind or equal to the anal fin on goldeye, and eye colour, which fittingly is gold coloured in goldeye. 

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  • Article

    Golf

    Golfer George Lyon. An outstanding all-round athlete, Lyon's chief claim to fame is his gold medal victory in golf in the 1904 Olympics at St Louis (courtesy Canada's Sports Hall of Fame. www.sportshall.ca). Golf Golf is an outdoor game played with a small hard ball and a set of clubs with iron or wooden heads. The object of the game is to make one's way round a specially laid out course in as few strokes...

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  • Article

    Golf Courses

    Golf Courses are specially designed pieces of land of variable dimensions and topography that are used for the playing of golf. They are usually divided into 18 segments, each consisting of a starting point, or tee, from which a player strikes a ball towards his ultimate target.

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  • Macleans

    Gomery Enquiry May Mark the End of an Era in Quebec

    WHEN THE DAM finally burst, the dung that had been piling up for more than a week behind a publication ban at the Gomery inquiry sent political operatives running for cover, and politicians in Ottawa and Quebec City shifting damage control into overdrive.This article was originally published in Maclean's Magazine on April 18, 2005

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  • Macleans

    Gomery Inquiry Learns Illicit Cash Flowing for Years

    SOMETIMES the testimony at the Gomery commission starts to run together in your head, and the significance of it isn't obvious until you pause and give your head a shake. I had one such light-bulb moment when Michel Béliveau, a former LIBERAL PARTY official in Quebec, testified late last week.This article was originally published in Maclean's Magazine on May 16, 2005

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