Browse "Science & Technology"

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Article

Cardiac Pacemaker

In 1950, one of Canada’s greatest medical innovations was developed at the University of Toronto’s Banting Institute. Cardiac surgeon, Dr. Wilfred Bigelow and research fellow, Dr. John Carter Callaghan were trying to understand how hypothermia (see Cold-Weather Injuries) could slow the beating of an animal’s heart before surgery. They were also looking for a way to stimulate the heart when it faltered as it cooled. This largely unknown area of research could have tremendous applications for humans. The doctors partnered with Dr. John A. Hopps from the National Research Council of Canada, who created a portable artificial external pacemaker. It was designed to send electric pulses to the heart, which caused the heart to contract and pump blood to the body. The device was successfully tested on a dog in 1950. This landmark discovery paved the way for the use of implantable pacemakers in humans.
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Article

Carpentry Tools

The craft of carpentry involves the shaping of wood for architectural, utilitarian or ornamental purposes. European colonists who settled what is now Canada brought with them a rich heritage of CRAFTS and craft tools.
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Article

CESAR

The main objective of the multidisciplinary expedition was to carry out a geological survey of the ridge. Researchers, therefore, brought a veritable geotechnical arsenal to bear on the polar ice to gather seismic, gravimetric, bathymetric and other data.
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Article

Chalk River Laboratories

Chalk River Laboratories is a major Canadian nuclear sciences research centre located on the banks of the Ottawa River in the community of Deep River, roughly 200 kilometres north of Ottawa and near Canadian Forces Base Petawawa. (See also Nuclear Research Establishments.) The facility has long been a site of major technological innovation and scientific breakthroughs in the field of nuclear research. It was the site of Canada’s first large reactor and the first operational nuclear power reactor outside the United States. In addition to its research capabilities, the Chalk River facility is also one of the world’s largest producers of medical isotopes. Approximately 3,000 people work at Chalk River Laboratories.
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Article

Challenger Expedition

The Challenger expedition, the first worldwide oceanographic expedition, voyaged 127 663 km in the Atlantic, Southern, Indian and Pacific oceans between December 1872 and May 1876.
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Macleans

Chasing a killer

ALS is as common as Multiple Sclerosis. It seems to be striking people who are younger and younger.This article was originally published in Maclean's Magazine on March 17, 2013
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Article

Chemical and Chemical Products Industries

Chemical manufacturing entails the conversion of one material to another by a chemical reaction on a commercial scale. The starting material (feedstock) can be a natural substance or a relatively pure chemical used as an "intermediate" for subsequent upgrading.
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Chemical Engineering

Chemical engineering is the technology of scaling up to commercial size chemical reactions which have been demonstrated in the laboratory.
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Article

Chemistry

Chemistry, the science concerned primarily with the structure and properties of matter and with the transformation of one form of matter into another. Now one of the most theoretically and methodologically sophisticated sciences, chemistry had its beginnings in medieval alchemy. Because chemistry studies matter at a basic level, it is concerned with the physical sciences (e.g., physics), the life sciences (e.g., biochemistry, contemporary medicine) and the earth sciences (e.g., geology, geochemistry). Not only do chemical studies aim to understand natural processes, they also underpin production of many goods essential to daily living, ranging from food and drugs, through substances used in the visual arts, to heat and electricity. Chemical engineers specialize in the transfer of knowledge from the academic sphere to that of industry.
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Article

Chiropractic

Chiropractic is the manipulation of the spinal column as a means of curing disease. The word comes from the Greek chiro ("hands") and practic ("to practice"). The theory of chiropractic originated with D.D. Palmer, who was born in Port Perry (Ontario) in 1845.
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Article

Cholera in Canada

Cholera first reached Canada in 1832, brought by immigrants from Britain. Epidemics occurred in 1832, 1834, 1849, 1851, 1852 and 1854. There were cases in Halifax in 1881. The epidemics killed at least 20 000 people in Canada.
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Macleans

Chronic Fatigue Syndrome

This article was originally published in Maclean’s magazine on April 15, 2002. Partner content is not updated. Ashley Roll's mother is reluctant to have her come to the phone. She's worried that answering questions will take too much out of the 19-year-old, but Ashley says she's feeling up to it. Because of chronic fatigue syndrome, Roll is almost a prisoner of her home in Burnaby, B.C.
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Macleans

Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Recognized

This article was originally published in Maclean’s magazine on May 4, 1998. Partner content is not updated. Sharon Baillie once loved to read. Not any more. By the time she gets to page 3 of a book, she has generally forgotten what she read on page 1. She used to enjoy 25-km hikes on weekends. Now, she can barely manage a 20-minute walk with her golden retrievers, Buddy and Dusty.
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Macleans

Cigarette Packaging

This article was originally published in Maclean’s magazine on January 31, 2000. Partner content is not updated. Perhaps, but if Rock gets his way cigarette packaging is about to go from colourful and cool to downright disturbing.
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Article

Civil Engineering

Before the multiplication of engineering disciplines in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, engineers were either military or civilian. Civilian engineers built nonmilitary structures; those in the military concentrated on FORTIFICATIONS.
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