Browse "Nature & Geography"

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Article

Juan de Fuca

Juan de Fuca, pilot, apocryphal explorer of the Northwest Coast (born in Valeriano, Cephalonia Island, Greece; died in Valeriano c. 1602).
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Article

Juan Josef Pérez Hernández

Juan Josef Pérez Hernández, naval officer, explorer (b c 1725 at Majorca, Spain; d 2 Nov 1775 off California). Pérez served as a pilot and marine officer in Spain's Pacific trade between Mexico and the
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Article

Lawrence Lambe

Lawrence Morris Lambe, FRSC, paleontologist, geologist (born 27 August 1863 in Montreal, QC; died 12 March 1919 in Ottawa, ON). In 1897, Lawrence Lambe was the first person to officially look for dinosaur fossils in the modern-day Dinosaur Provincial Park area. His later work describing the specimens he found brought other paleontologists to the region, now understood to be one of the richest deposits of dinosaur fossils in the world. One genus of dinosaur, Lambeosaurus, and two species, Anodontosaurus lambei and Colepiocephale lambei, have been named in his honour, recognizing his significant contributions to paleontology. (See also Dinosaurs Found in Canada.)
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Article

Leif Eriksson

Leif Eriksson (Old Norse Leifr Eiríksson, a.k.a. Leifr hinn heppni, Leif the Lucky), explorer, chieftain (born in the 970s CE in Iceland; died between 1018 and 1025 in Greenland). Leif Eriksson was the first European to explore the east coast of North America, including areas that are now part of Arctic and Atlantic Canada. Upon the death of his father, Erik the Red, Leif became paramount chieftain of the Norse colony in Greenland. The two main sources on him are The Saga of the Greenlanders and The Saga of Erik the Red. There are also references to him in The Saga of Olaf Tryggvason and The Saga of St. Olaf.
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Article

Louis-Edmond Hamelin

Louis-Edmond Hamelin, OC, GOQ, geographer (born 21 March 1923 in Saint-Didace, QC; died 11 February 2020 in Quebec City, QC).
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Article

Louis Jolliet

Louis Jolliet, explorer, cartographer, king’s hydrographer, fur trader, seigneur, organist, teacher (baptized 21 September 1645 in Québec City; died between 4 May and 18 Oct 1700 likely near Île d'Anticosti).
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Article

Louis-Marcel Raymond

Louis-Marcel Raymond, botanist, man of letters (b at St-Jean, Qué 2 Dec 1915; d at Montréal 23 Aug 1972).
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Article

Louis-Marie

Louis-Marie, Trappist priest, botanist, teacher (b Louis-Paul Lalonde at Montréal 17 Oct 1896; d there 3 Nov 1978).
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Article

Luke Fox

Luke Fox, also spelled Foxe, explorer (b at Kingston-upon-Hull, Eng 20 Oct 1586; d c 15 July 1635). He left for the Arctic in 1631, 2 days after Thomas JAMES left on a rival voyage.
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Article

Marcelle Gauvreau

Marcelle Gauvreau, Quebec scientist, botanist, educator, administrator, writer and journalist (born 28 February 1907 in Rimouski, QC; died 16 December 1968 in Montreal, QC). A botanist by profession, Marcelle Gauvreau made her mark as a teacher, writer, journalist, administrator and faithful collaborator of Frère Marie-Victorin (Conrad Kirouac). Through her books, articles, talks, the school she established, and her desire to promote public interest in plant life, she encouraged many Quebecers to learn about plants and to love nature in the 20th century.
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Article

Mary Edith Tyrrell

Mary Edith Tyrrell (née Carey), co-founder and first president of the Women's Association of the Mining Industry of Canada, writer (born 11 September 1870 in Saint John, NB; died 14 October 1945 in Toronto, ON). Tyrrell, along with 19 other women, founded the Women’s Association of the Mining Industry of Canada in 1921 to create a community among mining wives. Her work with the organization was an example of women’s indirect involvement in the mining industry. Tyrrell also published works about her experience joining her geologist husband, Joseph Burr Tyrrell, in Yukon during the Klondike Gold Rush.
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Article

Mary Schäffer Warren

Mary Schäffer Warren (née Mary Townsend Sharpless), naturalist, writer, photographer, surveyor (born 4 October 1861 in West Chester, Pennsylvania; died 23 January 1939 in Banff, AB). Schäffer Warren is best known for being the first non-Indigenous person to explore Maligne Lake in the Canadian Rockies. She was one of the first non-Indigenous women to travel through much of what is now Banff and Jasper national parks. Although she had no experience as a surveyor, the Geological Survey of Canada asked her to survey Maligne Lake in 1911. As a result, Schäffer Warren is responsible for naming several of the geographic features surrounding the lake (see also Ten Mountains in Canada Named After Women). Through writing and lantern-slide presentations of her hand-painted photographs, she encouraged tourism to the Rockies.
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Article

Mina Benson Hubbard

Mina Benson Hubbard (née Mina Benson, also Mina Benson Hubbard Ellis), explorer, geographer, author, nurse, teacher (born 15 April 1870 near Bewdley, ON; died 4 May 1956 in the County of Surrey, England). After her husband died while exploring the interior of Labrador, Mina Benson Hubbard embarked on an expedition to complete his work. She completed the nine-week canoe journey through at least 900 km of Labrador in 1905. Hubbard was one of the first non-Indigenous people to travel extensively in the area. Using measurements and notes taken during her trip, she developed some of the first maps of the region.
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Editorial

Mina Benson Hubbard's Labrador Expedition

The following article is an editorial written by The Canadian Encyclopedia staff. Editorials are not usually updated.
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Article

Morley Keith Thomas

Morley Keith Thomas, climatologist (born 19 August 1918 near St. Thomas, ON; died 31 March 2018 in Watford, ON). Morley K. Thomas is recognized as an authority on both the practical and scientific aspects of climatology.
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