Indigenous Peoples | The Canadian Encyclopedia

Browse "Indigenous Peoples"

Displaying 166-180 of 308 results
  • Article

    Josephine Mandamin

    Josephine Henrietta Mandamin, Anishinaabe elder, water-rights advocate, Anishinabek Nation Chief Water Commissioner (born 21 February 1942 in Wiikwemikoong Unceded Territory, Manitoulin Island, ON; died 22 February 2019). Mandamin, known as “Grandmother Water Walker” and Biidaasige-ba (“the one who comes with the light”), was a world-renowned water-rights activist. She walked around the Great Lakes from 2003 to 2017 to bring awareness to the problems of water pollution and environmental degradation on the Great Lakes and on Indigenous reserves in Canada. For her activism, Mandamin was awarded the Anishinabek Lifetime Achievement Award (2012) and the Governor General’s Meritorious Service Cross (2018). Her great-niece, Autumn Peltier, followed in Mandamin’s footsteps, becoming the next generation’s “water warrior.”

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    https://d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net/Mandamin/1V5A8911.jpg Josephine Mandamin
  • Article

    Kashtin

    Kashtin is a popular Montagnais duo consisting of the singer-songwriters and guitarists Florent Vollant (born 10 August 1959 in Maliotenam, near Sept Îles, QC) and Claude McKenzie (born 11 March 1967 in Schefferville, QC). Kashtin means “tornado” in the Montagnais' Innu-aimun language. Kashtin's songs, in country or contemporary folk styles, are characterized by simple but spirited refrains sung in throaty harmony over vigorous, acoustic guitar rhythms. The duo’s debut album, Kashtin (1989), received Félix awards in 1990 as best debut and best country-folk album.

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    https://d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net/1024px-Kashtin_2019.jpg Kashtin
  • Article

    Kaska Dena

    The Kaska Dena or Denek’éh (often referred to simply as Kaska) are a Dene-speaking people who live in southern Yukon and northern British Columbia, primarily in the communities of Lower Post, Upper Liard (near Watson Lake), Watson Lake and Ross River in the Pelly drainage. In the 2016 census, 1,440 people reported having Kaska ancestry.

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    https://d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net/media/media/f8f5accc-952d-48f9-9231-7f1810295128.jpg Kaska Dena
  • Article

    Kenojuak Ashevak

    Kenojuak Ashevak, C.C., ONu, artist (born 3 October 1927 in Ikerrasak camp, South Baffin Island, NWT; died 8 January 2013, Cape Dorset, NU). A Companion of the Order of Canada and winner of the Governor General’s Award in Visual and Media Arts, Ashevak is perhaps the best-known Inuit artist because of her famous print The Enchanted Owl (1960), which was featured on a Canada Post stamp. She was also the first woman to become involved with the newly established printmaking shop at Cape Dorset.

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    https://d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net/media/media/45b62e3e-a9c3-42e3-a780-7b5dd7889ffc.jpg Kenojuak Ashevak
  • Article

    Kondiaronk

    Kondiaronk, Tionontati chief (born circa 1649; died 2 August 1701 in Montreal, QC). He has been known by several names throughout history, including Gaspar Soiaga, Souoias, Sastaretsi, and Le Rat (the Rat). Kondiaronk was one of the main brokers of the Great Peace of Montreal, signed in 1701. This peace agreement between the French and Haudenosaunee brought to an end almost a century of hostilities marked by atrocities on both sides. (See also Indigenous-French Relations in Canada.)

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    https://d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net/Kondiaronk/KondiaronkStamp.jpg Kondiaronk
  • Article

    Ktunaxa (Kootenay)

    The Ktunaxa (Kootenay) are an Indigenous people who traditionally occupied territories in southeastern British Columbia, as well as in parts of Alberta, Idaho, Montana and Washington. The term “Kootenay” may be an anglicized form of an old Ktunaxa word. In the 2016 census, 935 people identified as having Ktunaxa ancestry.

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    https://d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net/media/media/c6ee12de-e628-4471-b4e7-db4c40e30884.jpg Ktunaxa (Kootenay)
  • Article

    Ksan

    Ksan (or ‘Ksan) is a historical village, museum and campground, owned and operated by the Gitanmaax Band. It is located at the junction of the Skeena and Bulkley rivers in Hazelton, British Columbia. Ksan was established in 1970 as way to promote and preserve Gitxsan culture and history.

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    https://d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net/media/media/2fd73ae3-5ed7-4894-b6ae-caa2ac25e639.jpg Ksan
  • Article

    Kwakwaka’wakw (Kwakiutl)

    The Kwakwaka'wakw peoples are traditional inhabitants of the coastal areas of northeastern Vancouver Island and mainland British Columbia. In the 2016 census, 3,670 people self-identified as having Kwakwaka’wakw ancestry. Originally made up of approximately 28 communities speaking dialects of Kwak’wala — the Kwakwaka'wakw language —the number of communities was reduced by approximately half. After sustained contact beginning in the late 18th century, Europeans applied the name of one nation, the Kwakiutl, to the whole group in 1849, a tradition that persisted. The name Kwakwaka’wakw means those who speak Kwak’wala, which itself includes multiple dialects. (See also Northwest Coast Indigenous Peoples in Canada.)

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    https://d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net/media/media/0f3f1bc5-ec8b-4f16-b0a3-4f0f553a5cca.jpg Kwakwaka’wakw (Kwakiutl)
  • Article

    Labrador Inuit (Labradormiut)

    Labrador Inuit (Labradormiut) are descendants of the pre-historic Thule people and have historically occupied most of the Atlantic coast of Northern Labrador. In 2005, the Labrador Inuit celebrated the enactment of the first Nunatsiavut Government, a self-governing Inuit regional government, the product of three decades of land claims negotiations with the federal government.

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    https://d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net/media/media/8cfbeb31-b9b9-4783-a639-4cee826bec5b.jpg Labrador Inuit (Labradormiut)
  • Article

    Indigenous Land Claims in Canada

    Land claims seek to address wrongs made against Indigenous peoples, their rights and lands, by the federal and provincial or territorial governments. There are different types of land claims. Comprehensive claims (also known as modern treaties) deal with Indigenous rights, while specific claims concern the government’s outstanding obligations under historic treaties or the Indian Act. There are many ongoing comprehensive and specific claims negotiations in Canada.

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    https://d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net/media/media/174cee51-4aca-4a67-ac60-f72697d35862.jpg Indigenous Land Claims in Canada
  • Article

    Larry Grant (sʔəyəɬəq)

    Larry Grant (also known as sʔəyəɬəq (suh-yuh-shl-uck) and Hong Lai Hing), storyteller, Musqueam Elder, educator of endangered First Nation language hən̓q̓əmin̓əm̓ (born 1 September 1936 in Agassiz, BC). Grant is of Musqueam and Chinese ancestry, raised on the Musqueam territory at the mouth of the Fraser River. The unceded territory of the Musqueam peoples encompasses what is known today as Vancouver, extending up to Harvey Creek in the north and Fraser River to the east. After retiring as a longshoreman, Grant dedicated his life to promoting knowledge of the hən̓q̓əmin̓əm̓ language and its cultural value. He is also an adjunct professor and an Elder-In-Residence at the University of British Columbia. Grant is recognized as a community leader who fosters dialogue and understanding of Musqueam history and language in British Columbia.

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    https://d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net/LarryGrant/Elder_Larry_Grant_web.jpeg Larry Grant (sʔəyəɬəq)
  • Article

    Louis Levi Oakes

    Louis Levi Oakes (also known as Tahagietagwa), Mohawk soldier, war hero, steelworker, public works supervisor (born 23 January 1925 in St. Regis, QC; died 28 May 2019 in Snye, QC). During the Second World War, Oakes was a code talker for the United States Army. Code talkers used their Indigenous languages to encode radio messages to prevent the enemy from understanding them. When he passed away at age 94, Oakes was the last Mohawk code talker. (See also Cree Code Talkers and Indigenous Peoples and the World Wars.)

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    https://d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net/louislevioakes1.jpg Louis Levi Oakes
  • Article

    Louis Riel

    Louis Riel, Métis leader, founder of Manitoba, central figure in the Red River and North-West resistance (born 22 October 1844 in Saint-Boniface, Red River Settlement; died 16 November 1885 in Regina, SK). Riel led two popular Métis governments, was central in bringing Manitoba into Confederation, and was executed for high treason for his role in the 1885 resistance to Canadian encroachment on Métis lands. Riel was initially dismissed as a rebel by Canadian historians, although many now sympathize with Riel as a Métis leader who fought to protect his people from the Canadian government.

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    https://d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net/media/media/cbb299c8-c0b7-460c-add9-2e245342dc9b.jpg Louis Riel
  • Article

    Inuvialuit

    Inuvialuit originally occupied the western Canadian arctic coast from Barter Island in the west to Cape Bathurst in the east, as well as the northern portion of the Mackenzie River Delta. Numbering about 2000 during the 19th century, they formed the densest Inuit population in arctic Canada.

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    https://d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net/media/media/ccebcf67-46af-4adf-9573-a62d629020eb.JPG Inuvialuit
  • Article

    Malcolm Frederick Norris

    Malcolm Frederick Norris, Métis leader (born 25 May 1900 in St. Albert, North-West Territories [now Alberta]; died 5 December 1967 in Calgary, Alberta). A tireless and militant activist, Norris advocated on behalf of Indigenous peoples on a variety of platforms, from discussions with the federal government about Indigenous issues to concerns that primarily affected Métis communities in Canada. Remembered as a brilliant orator in English and Cree, Norris was a key figure in the Association des Métis d’Alberta et des Territoires du Nord Ouest, the Indian Association of Alberta and the Métis Association of Saskatchewan. He is also widely recognized as one of the 20th century’s most important and charismatic Métis leaders.

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    https://d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net/media/media/4de10db1-6b8b-45ef-a60a-55998c7afca0.jpg Malcolm Frederick Norris