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The wolverine, or carcajou (Gulo gulo), is the largest of the weasels and resembles a powerful, miniature bear. Adult males weigh about 14 kg; females, 9 kg. Their fur is usually dark brown; their head and tail are slightly lighter than the rest of their body. Usually, two tan stripes run from the neck along the sides, meeting at the tail.
Distribution and Habitat
The wolverine is a rare animal in Canada. They are now absent from the southeast and the prairies, rare in the east, and sparse in western and northern regions. They are a species of special concern under the Canadian Species at Risk Act. They are known for travelling long distances (up to 112 km in 24 hours). In Alaska, adult males have been found to have territories of up to 770 km2; females, 355 km2.
Reproduction and Development
Wolverines are normally solitary except when breeding or raising young. Mating occurs May–July; fetal implantation is delayed, and the two to five young are born between February and March.
Diet
The wolverine's supposed strength, ferocity, and ability to raid traplines and cabins have become legendary. The powerful teeth and jaws are adapted for crushing frozen meat. Wolverines are better scavengers than hunters. In winter, they eat mainly carrion; in summer, they also eat berries and vegetation. Wolverines do best in sparsely populated areas with abundant ungulate populations.
Relationship with Humans
Wolverine fur is preferred for trimming parka hoods because outer hairs shed frost without wetting. Exploitation by humans is the most important external factor influencing abundance and distribution.
