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Article

Interest Rates in Canada

Interest is the price charged to borrow money. Expressed as a rate, interest is a percentage of the amount of money borrowed (the principal amount) that is to be paid for an agreed period of time. Interest can be paid by a borrower to a lender (e.g., to a bank), but it can also be paid by a bank to individuals whose money the bank uses to lend money to other borrowers. In Canada, interest rates are determined by the policy of the Bank of Canada, the demand for loans, the supply of available lending capital, interest rates in the United States, inflation rates and other economic factors. The Bank of Canada helps the Canadian government manage the economy by setting the bank rate and controlling the money supply.
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Article

Intergenerational Trauma and Residential Schools

Historical trauma occurs when trauma caused by historical oppression is passed down through generations. For more than 100 years, the Canadian government supported residential school programs that isolated Indigenous children from their families and communities (see Residential Schools in Canada). Under the guise of educating and preparing Indigenous children for their participation in Canadian society, the federal government and other administrators of the residential school system committed what has since been described as an act of cultural genocide. As generations of students left these institutions, they returned to their home communities without the knowledge, skills or tools to cope in either world. The impacts of their institutionalization in residential school continue to be felt by subsequent generations. This is called intergenerational trauma. This is the full-length entry about Intergenerational Trauma and Residential Schools. For a plain-language summary, please see Intergenerational Trauma and Residential Schools (Plain-Language Summary).
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Article

Intergenerational Trauma and Residential Schools (Plain-Language Summary)

Trauma refers to a very serious negative experience. Intergenerational means something occurring across generations. Intergenerational trauma is when trauma is passed down through families. This article is a plain-language summary of Intergenerational Trauma and Residential Schools. If you are interested in reading about this topic in more depth, please see our full-length entry, Intergenerational Trauma and Residential Schools.
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Article

Intergovernmental Finance

The term "intergovernmental finance" refers to the web of financial flows linking governments in a constantly evolving federal system (see FEDERALISM).
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International Boundary Commission

The International Boundary Commission (IBC), comprising a Canadian and an American section, is responsible for the maintenance and supervision of the boundary line between the United States and Canada under the terms of the 1925 Boundary Demarcation Treaty.
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International Business Machines Corporation (IBM)

The oldest of the Canadian software labs - situated in Toronto - is the only facility in North America to house development for all five major software brands for IBM.
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Article

Canada and the War in Afghanistan

The war in Afghanistan (2001–14) was Canada’s longest war and its first significant combat engagement since the Korean War (1950–53). After the 2001 terror attacks on the United States, Canada joined an international coalition to destroy the al-Qaeda terrorist network and the Taliban regime that sheltered it in Afghanistan. (See 9/11 and Canada). Although the Taliban were removed from power and the al-Qaeda network was disrupted, Canada and its allies failed to destroy either group, or to secure and stabilize Afghanistan. More than 40,000 Canadian Armed Forces members served in the 12-year campaign. The war killed 165 Canadians — 158 soldiers and 7 civilians. Many Canadian veterans of the war in Afghanistan suffer from post-traumatic stress disorder. This article is a full-length entry about the War in Afghanistan. For a plain-language summary, please see Canada and the War in Afghanistan (Plain-Language Summary).
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International Development Research Centre

The International Development Research Centre (IDRC) was established as a public corporation by Parliament in 1970 to support research designed to adapt science and technology to the specific needs of developing countries. The first chairman was Lester B. PEARSON.
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International Economics

International economics studies the economic interactions of countries. International economics consists of two main parts. The first is international trade theory and commercial policy (see International Trade). The second is international finance and balance of payments theory and policy (see Balance of Payments).
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Article

International Hockey Hall of Fame and Museum

International Hockey Hall of Fame and Museum, located in Kingston, Ont, was founded in 1943. The present building was constructed in 1961-62 and opened in 1965.
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International Joint Commission

International Joint Commission (IJC), the oldest of Canadian-American intergovernmental organizations, was established by the Boundary Waters Treaty of 1909 to deal mainly with the apportionment, conservation and development of water resources (including hydroelectric power) along the international boundary. Since beginning its work in 1912 it has reported on over 50 issues affecting the US and Canada, has produced decisions on even more applications for diversion of waters, and has supervised dozens of decisions for Canadian-American joint boards and committees.
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International Law

International law is the body of rules that governs the conduct of STATES and other international associations, such as the UN, although in the human rights area international law, in some instances, may be directly applicable to individuals as well as to states.
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Article

International Monetary Fund

International Monetary Fund (IMF) is the principal independent international financial agency concerned with the management of the international monetary system.
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International Polar Year

International Polar Year (IPY), 1882-83, was the first worldwide co-ordinated scientific enterprise and the most significant single event in the founding of the science of geophysics.
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International Search and Rescue Satellite System

Canada is part of the International COSPAS-SARSAT Program. This system uses satellites to detect and locate distress alerts and send them to more than 200 Search and Rescue coordination centres and points of contact around the world. The program is an integral part of Canada’s Search and Rescue system.
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