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  • Article

    Environmental Racism in Canada

    Environmental racism is the disproportionate proximity and greater exposure of Indigenous, Black and other racialized communities to polluting industries and environmentally hazardous activities. In Canada, Indigenous and African Nova Scotian communities have been the most impacted by environmental racism. Examples of environmental racism in Nova Scotia include an open dump in Africville, landfills in Shelburne and Lincolnville, a pulp and paper mill in Pictou Landing First Nation, and a pipeline in Sipekne’katik First Nation. A pipeline also runs through Wet'suwet'en First Nation in British Columbia, while in Ontario there is mercury contamination in Grassy Narrows First Nation and over 60 petrochemical facilities surrounding Aamjiwnaang First Nation.

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    https://d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net/media/new_article_images/EnvironmentalRacisminCanada/ChemicalValley.jpg Environmental Racism in Canada

  • Article

    Environmental Racism in Canada (Plain-Language Summary)

    Environmental racism is when polluting industries and environmentally hazardous activities are primarily located near low-income or minority communities. In Canada, Indigenous and Black communities are the most affected by environmental racism. This article contains examples of environmental racism in Nova Scotia, Ontario and British Columbia. This article is a plain-language summary of environmental racism in Canada. If you are interested in reading about this topic in more depth, please see the full-length entry, Environmental Racism in Canada.

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    https://d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net/media/new_article_images/EnvironmentalRacisminCanada/ChemicalValley.jpg Environmental Racism in Canada (Plain-Language Summary)

  • Article

    Environmental Stewardship in Canada

    Environmental stewardship is the responsible use and protection of the environment. Examples of responsible use include limiting the harvest of natural resources. Examples of protection include conservation the creation of national and provincial parks. For some, “environmental stewardship” may invoke religious connotations. However, many prefer this phrase to “environmental management,” as the word management suggests humans dominating over nature (see Environmental Movement in Canada; Sustainability in Canada).

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    https://d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net/media/new_article_images/ReservesinMB/SagkeengFirstNation.jpg Environmental Stewardship in Canada

  • Article

    Epidemics in Canada

    An epidemic occurs when an infectious disease spreads rapidly throughout a community at a particular time. Several epidemics have occurred over the course of Canadian history, the most disastrous being those which affected Indigenous peoples following the arrival of Europeans. Click here for definitions of key terms used in this article.

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  • Article

    Epidemiology

    Epidemiology is the branch of medical science devoted to the study of the distribution and determinants of diseases in populations. Descriptive and analytic epidemiology are observational, whereas clinical epidemiology is experimental in nature.

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  • Article

    Equal Rights Association

    The Equal Rights Association for the Province of Ontario, established June of 1889 in Toronto, was formed in response to Québec's JESUITS' ESTATES ACT. The ERA criticized Catholic interference in politics and what it saw as the subservience of politicians to the Roman Catholic Church.

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  • Article

    Equalization Payments

    Equalization payments are payments that the federal government makes to the poorer provinces. The monies come from Ottawa's general revenues and are unconditional transfers that can be spent as the recipient provinces please (see also TRANSFER PAYMENT).

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  • Article

    Equity in Canada

    Equity is the monetary value of a business or property, beyond any liens or related debts. The term generally refers to “shareholders’ equity.” Shareholders’ equity is an ideal figure that stands for the amount of money that shareholders would get if the company liquidated its assets and paid its debts. In informal usage, the term equities has evolved to mean publicly traded stocks. 

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  • Article

    Erosion

    Erosion caused in this case by an intense thunderstorm squall lifting the soil from the fields (photo by Arjen Verkaik, Skyart Productions).This view depicts the eroding badlands and alternating beds of sandstone and shale (photo by Cliff Wallis, courtesy Cottonwood Consultants Ltd.).One of the classic, and disastrous, examples of gravitational erosion (photo by Ken A. Meisner/Take Stock Inc).The prairie dry belt was unwisely opened for homesteading and was struck by successive droughts in the 1920s...

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  • Article

    Errol Bouchette

    Robert-Errol Bouchette, MSRC, lawyer, journalist, Quebec civil servant and intellectual (born 2 June 1863 in Quebec City, QC; died 13 August 1912 in Ottawa, ON). He is best known for two works: a 1901 essay entitled Emparons-nous de l’industrie (Let’s Take Over the Industry), the title of which already foreshadows the topic, and a 1903 novel, Robert Lozé, which sets his ideas in fiction. Through his ideas, he sought to ensure the economic independence of French Canada.

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    https://d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net/errolbouchette/errolbouchette.jpg Errol Bouchette

  • Article

    Esker

    An esker is a ridge (Gaelic eiscir, "ridge") of gravel and sand emplaced during glacial melt by the deposition of sediments from meltwater rivers flowing on the ice (channel fills) or beneath a glacier (tunnel fills).

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  • Article

    Eskimo

    The word Eskimo is an offensive term that has been used historically to describe the Inuit throughout their homeland, Inuit Nunangat, in the Arctic regions of Alaska,  Greenland and Canada, as well as the Yupik of Alaska and northeastern Russia, and the Inupiat of Alaska. Considered derogatory in Canada, the term was once used extensively in popular culture and by researchers, writers and the general public throughout the world. (See also Arctic Indigenous Peoples and Inuit.)

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  • Article

    Algoma Steel Inc.

    Algoma Steel Inc. is a major steel producer based in Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario. Its principal products are steel plate and sheet for various industries, including automotive, construction and manufacturing. The company employs more than 2,900 people in Sault Ste. Marie.

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    https://d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net/media/new_article_images/AlgomaSteel/AlgomaSteel2009.jpg Algoma Steel Inc.

  • Article

    Estate

    Estate, very generally, means all property owned by an individual. For example, the property (including land) owned by a deceased person is referred to as that person's estate. The estate can commence and be subject to legal proceedings, and can be liable to pay debts.

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  • Article

    Estates General of French Canada

    The Estates General of French Canada were a series of conferences held from 1966 to 1969 which gathered over a thousand delegates from Quebec, Acadia, Ontario and Western Canada. These last patriotic assemblies organized after the Congrès de la langue française (1912, 1937, 1952) marked an important turning point in the history of French-Canadian nationalism and in that of the relationship between Quebec and the Canadian Francophonie.

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