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Sponsorship Scandal (Adscam)
Article

Sponsorship Scandal (Adscam)

After a razor-thin majority voted in the 1995 Quebec Referendum for Quebec to stay in Canada, the Liberal government of Prime Minister Jean Chrétien responded with various initiatives to promote federalism in the province. A sponsorship program began in 1996. Public money was directed from the Department of Public Works and Government Services to private advertising agencies to promote Canada and the federal government at cultural, community and sports events in Quebec. The media began questioning the spending and handling of these contracts. Two auditor general reports and a public inquiry revealed that ad agency executives and Liberal Party officials had corruptly handled more than $300 million; $100 million of which was funnelled from the government to the Liberal Party. Five people were found guilty of fraud. Along with several other issues, the scandal helped lead to the government of Chrétien’s successor, Paul Martin, being reduced to a minority in 2004.

Richard Dutka (Primary Source)
Memory Project

Richard Dutka (Primary Source)

Richard Dutka served in the Royal Canadian Air Force during the Second World War.

Please be advised that Memory Project primary sources may deal with personal testimony that reflect the speaker’s recollections and interpretations of events. Individual testimony does not necessarily reflect the views of the Memory Project and Historica Canada.

Richard Norris (Primary Source)
Memory Project

Richard Norris (Primary Source)

Richard Norris served in the navy during the Second World War.

Please be advised that Memory Project primary sources may deal with personal testimony that reflect the speaker’s recollections and interpretations of events. Individual testimony does not necessarily reflect the views of the Memory Project and Historica Canada.

Richard Kelly (Primary Source)
Memory Project

Richard Kelly (Primary Source)

Richard Kelly served in the air force during the Second World War.

Please be advised that Memory Project primary sources may deal with personal testimony that reflect the speaker’s recollections and interpretations of events. Individual testimony does not necessarily reflect the views of the Memory Project and Historica Canada.

Roy Hall (Primary Source)
Memory Project

Roy Hall (Primary Source)

Roy Hall enlisted in the Royal Canadian Navy in 1948. He served on five other ships before assignment to HMCS Iroquois and overseas service in Korea in 1952. During the Korean War, HMCS Iroquois participated in shore bombardments, dropped off South Korean guerrillas for raids behind enemy lines, and patrolled the waters around the Korean peninsula. On 2 October 1952 HMCS Iroquois was hit by a shell, the only time during the war a Canadian warship was hit by enemy fire.

Please be advised that Memory Project primary sources may deal with personal testimony that reflect the speaker’s recollections and interpretations of events. Individual testimony does not necessarily reflect the views of the Memory Project and Historica Canada.

Roy Stables Halford (Primary Source)
Memory Project

Roy Stables Halford (Primary Source)

Roy Halford served with the 1st Battalion of the Royal Berkshire Regiment during the Second World War.

Please be advised that Memory Project primary sources may deal with personal testimony that reflect the speaker’s recollections and interpretations of events. Individual testimony does not necessarily reflect the views of the Memory Project and Historica Canada.

Richard Engel (Primary Source)
Memory Project

Richard Engel (Primary Source)

Richard Engel served in Princess Patricia's Canadian Light Infantry during the Korean War.

Please be advised that Memory Project primary sources may deal with personal testimony that reflect the speaker’s recollections and interpretations of events. Individual testimony does not necessarily reflect the views of the Memory Project and Historica Canada.

Content warning: This article contains content which some may find offensive or disturbing.


Richard Brinston (Primary Source)
Memory Project

Richard Brinston (Primary Source)

From Newfoundland, Richard Brinston served with the Royal Artillery during the Second World War. 

Please be advised that Memory Project primary sources may deal with personal testimony that reflect the speaker’s recollections and interpretations of events. Individual testimony does not necessarily reflect the views of the Memory Project and Historica Canada.

King's Counsel
Article

King's Counsel

King's Counsel (KC) is a title conferred on lawyers by the Crown. It is called Queen's Counsel (QC) when the monarch is a queen. Originally awarded to those considered worthy to argue cases for the Crown, in many provinces it has lost its distinction, being awarded to most practitioners of generally 10 years or more standing who conform politically to the government in office. The title can be conferred by either the provinces or the federal government. Duties no longer attach to the rank, which entitles holders to seniority within the profession and to wear a silk Barrister gown.

Comprehensive Land Claims: Modern Treaties
Article

Comprehensive Land Claims: Modern Treaties

Comprehensive land claims are modern-day treaties made between Indigenous peoples and the federal government. They are based on the traditional use and occupancy of land by Indigenous peoples who did not sign treaties and were not displaced from their lands by war or other means. These claims, which are settled by negotiation, follow a process established by the federal government to enable First Nations, Inuit and Métis to obtain full recognition as the original inhabitants of what is now Canada. Settlement of these claims comprises a variety of terms including money, land, forms of local government, rights to wildlife, rights protecting language and culture, and joint management of lands and resources. Treaties are constitutionally protected, mutually binding agreements. Those signed by Indigenous peoples between 1701 and 1923 are commonly referred to as historic treaties, and modern treaties refer to those agreements negotiated since then.

Ross Harold Hamilton (Primary Source)
Memory Project

Ross Harold Hamilton (Primary Source)

Ross Hamilton served with the 407 Squadron, Royal Canadian Air Force during the Second World War.

Please be advised that Memory Project primary sources may deal with personal testimony that reflect the speaker’s recollections and interpretations of events. Individual testimony does not necessarily reflect the views of the Memory Project and Historica Canada.

Ross Baroni (Primary Source)
Memory Project

Ross Baroni (Primary Source)

Ross Baroni initially joined the coastal artillery as a gunner, due to a waiting list to join the Royal Canadian Air Force. He was able to transfer within eighteen months, and trained as an observer at a time when an observer obtained all four skills: navigation, gunnery, wireless operator and bombardier. Baroni was posted to a Pathfinder Squadron, and flew Halifaxes and Lancasters in the UK and in France. He finished the war as a flight Lieutenant, and was awarded the Distinguished Flying Cross for his service.

Please be advised that Memory Project primary sources may deal with personal testimony that reflect the speaker’s recollections and interpretations of events. Individual testimony does not necessarily reflect the views of the Memory Project and Historica Canada.


Rose Davis (Primary Source)
Memory Project

Rose Davis (Primary Source)

Rose Davis worked as a Radio Operator for the Department of Transport during the Second World War. She intercepted and copied code from U-boats and other foreign vessels.

Please be advised that Memory Project primary sources may deal with personal testimony that reflect the speaker’s recollections and interpretations of events. Individual testimony does not necessarily reflect the views of the Memory Project and Historica Canada.

Roy Armstrong (Primary Source)
Memory Project

Roy Armstrong (Primary Source)

Roy Armstrong served as a dispatch rider during the Second World War.

Please be advised that Memory Project primary sources may deal with personal testimony that reflect the speaker’s recollections and interpretations of events. Individual testimony does not necessarily reflect the views of the Memory Project and Historica Canada.

Content warning: This article contains content which some may find offensive or disturbing.

Ross Baker (Primary Source)
Memory Project

Ross Baker (Primary Source)

Ross Baker served with the Royal Canadian Artillery during the Second World War.

Please be advised that Memory Project primary sources may deal with personal testimony that reflect the speaker’s recollections and interpretations of events. Individual testimony does not necessarily reflect the views of the Memory Project and Historica Canada.

Canada at 2022 FIFA World Cup
Article

Canada at 2022 FIFA World Cup

The 2022 FIFA World Cup took place from 20 November to 18 December 2022. The 22nd edition of the World Cup was the first to be held in an Arab nation: Qatar. It was Canada’s first men’s World Cup appearance since 1986. Canada qualified for the 2022 World Cup by finishing first among CONCACAF qualifiers. Canada set numerous team and individual records throughout the qualifying campaign, most notably a CONCACAF record for the longest undefeated streak (17 games) in a qualifying campaign. Alphonso Davies scored Canada’s historic first-ever goal at a FIFA World Cup. Canada was eliminated in the first round after losing 1–0 to Belgium, 4–1 to Croatia and 2–1 to Morocco.

Longest Rivers in Canada
List

Longest Rivers in Canada

Canada’s rivers have played a vital role in the country’s history and cultural heritage. As transportation routes for Indigenous people and early settlers, they connected the country before railways and other modes of transportation. They have also been a source of water, food and recreation for thousands of years. Below is a list of Canada’s 10 longest rivers. The list is ordered by the river’s total length, not just the portions within Canadian borders. Similarly, the length cited is the length of the river’s main stem and does not include tributaries.

Canadian International Council
Article

Canadian International Council

The Canadian International Council is a public policy think tank dedicated to the discussion and analysis of Canada’s international affairs. It was founded as the Canadian Institute of International Affairs (CIIA) in 1928 by Sir Robert Borden, Sir Arthur Currie, John W. Dafoe and Sir Joseph Flavelle. The organization investigates the important and relevant issues of the day. It seeks to present a diversity of opinions on subjects such as Canada's participation in conflict, relations with the United States, and responsible citizenship in a global community.

Canadian Forces Logistics Training Centre Music Division
Article

Canadian Forces Logistics Training Centre Music Division

The Canadian Forces School of Music was established as the Royal Canadian Navy School of Music (École de musique de la Marine royale du Canada) in Esquimalt, BC, in 1954 to provide musicians for Canadian Navy bands. In 1961, it expanded to accommodate trainees for Army and Air Force bands. With the unification of the Armed Forces in 1968, it became the Canadian Forces School of Music (CFSM). Now known as the Canadian Forces Logistics Training Centre Music Division, the school has been located at CFB Borden near Barrie, Ontario, since 1987.