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  • Article

    Cheese and Cheese Making

    In Canada, 408,197 tonnes of cheese were produced in 2012; per capita consumption was 12.18 kg, consisting of 3.9 kg of cheddar, 7.54 kg of mozzarella and other specialty cheeses, and 0.74 kg of cottage cheese.

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  • Article

    Chemical and Chemical Products Industries

    Chemical manufacturing entails the conversion of one material to another by a chemical reaction on a commercial scale. The starting material (feedstock) can be a natural substance or a relatively pure chemical used as an "intermediate" for subsequent upgrading.

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  • Article

    Chemical Engineering

    Chemical engineering is the technology of scaling up to commercial size chemical reactions which have been demonstrated in the laboratory.

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  • Article

    Chemistry

    Chemistry, the science concerned primarily with the structure and properties of matter and with the transformation of one form of matter into another. Now one of the most theoretically and methodologically sophisticated sciences, chemistry had its beginnings in medieval alchemy. Because chemistry studies matter at a basic level, it is concerned with the physical sciences (e.g., physics), the life sciences (e.g., biochemistry, contemporary medicine) and the earth sciences (e.g., geology, geochemistry). Not only do chemical studies aim to understand natural processes, they also underpin production of many goods essential to daily living, ranging from food and drugs, through substances used in the visual arts, to heat and electricity. Chemical engineers specialize in the transfer of knowledge from the academic sphere to that of industry.

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  • Article

    Chemistry Subdisciplines

    Early chemistry was principally analytical in nature; only as the body of experimental data increased did the present-day specialities evolve. The principal chemical subdisciplines are analytical, inorganic, organic and physical chemistry.

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  • Article

    Cherry

    Cherry is the common name for certain members of genus Prunus of the rose family, which produce small, fleshy, single-stoned fruits. It is now generally accepted that the two species of cherries in world trade are P. avium (sweet cherry) and P. cerasus (sour cherry). Over 90 per cent of the production of sweet cherries is in southern British Columbia (Okanagan, Similkameen and Creston Valleys) and the remaining in southern Ontario (predominately in the Niagara Peninsula). 

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  • Article

    Cherry Blossom (Candy)

    The Cherry Blossom was a Canadian confection manufactured continuously from the late 19th century until 2025. The candy, which was sold individually in a canary-yellow box, was classified as a cherry cordial, a candied cherry covered in chocolate. The Cherry Blossom itself was composed of a maraschino cherry and cherry syrup coated in milk chocolate mixed with coconut and peanuts. While the candy had been described as a “cherished treat,” Canadian consumers had mixed opinions about the candy, with some describing a “love-hate” relationship with it. When Hershey’s announced that the candy would be discontinued in 2025, many Canadians reflected on their nostalgic appreciation for the candy, and some people attempted to buy as many as possible.

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  • Article

    Chesapeake Affair 1807

    Wars often have many causes. Some are long-standing problems between nations, while others are dangerous sparks that inflame attitudes and push nations to a call to arms. 

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  • Article

    Chesapeake Affair 1863

    On 7 December 1863, during the American Civil War, 16 Confederates seized American coastal steamer Chesapeake off Cape Cod and diverted it to Saint John, NB. 

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  • Article

    Chess

    About 20% of adult Canadians play at least one game of chess a year. These games are mostly played for fun in backyards and basements, but for several thousand tournament players chess is a serious game.

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  • Macleans

    Chess Master Beats Computer

    "I remain a cautious optimist in the progress of the human brain," Garry Kasparov told reporters during a historic chess match last week. "I still believe that there are some horizons it will be very difficult for a computer to cross.This article was originally published in Maclean's Magazine on February 26, 1996

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  • Article

    Chestnut

    Chestnut (Castanea), genus of trees of beech family (Fagaceae). Of 10 known species, one, American chestnut (C. dentata), is indigenous to Canada.

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  • Article

    Chiac

    Chiac (also spelled chiak or chiaque) is a specific type of discursive switching between French and English among individuals who are highly bilingual and have Acadian French as their mother tongue but Canadian English as their first or second language.

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  • Article

    Chickadees in Canada

    Chickadees (genus Poecile) are small birds which live in woodlands throughout Canada, often visiting backyard birdfeeders. Both sexes have a dark cap and bib, which contrast against bright white cheeks. Chickadees do not migrate but spend the winter in small flocks foraging for insects and seeds. Social relationships in winter flocks follow a dominance hierarchy where high-ranking birds have preferential access to food. Other species of birds often join chickadee flocks, including nuthatches and woodpeckers.

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  • Article

    Chickpea

    Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) is part of the legume family. The two primary centres of origin for chickpea are Southwest Asia and the Mediterranean, while Ethiopia is a secondary centre of origin. 

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