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Article

St. Joseph's Island Treaty (No. 11)

The St. Joseph’s Island Treaty of 1798 (also known as Treaty 11 in the Upper Canada numbering system) was an early land agreement between First Nations and British authorities in Upper Canada (later Ontario). It was one of a series of Upper Canada Land Surrenders. The St. Joseph’s Island Treaty encompassed all of St. Joseph’s Island, known as Payentanassin in Anishinaabemowin and today called St. Joseph Island. The 370 km2 island is situated at the northern end of Lake Huron, in the channel between Lakes Huron and Superior. The British needed a post in the area to protect their interests and maintain contact with Indigenous peoples of the region. The British also realized they would have to evacuate their post at Michilimackinac under the terms of Jay’s Treaty and needed an alternative location.
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Article

St Laurent-class Destroyer Escorts

The St Laurents were developed in the early Cold War as a high-speed, long-range antisubmarine frigate to counter the growing Soviet conventional submarine threat. They were the first major warship class designed and built in Canada and incorporated many ground-breaking features, earning them the nickname, the “Cadillacs.” Seven St. Laurents were built. The success of the design inspired a succession of follow-on classes: the Restigouche, Mackenzie and Annapolis classes. A total of 20 ships — all named after Canadian rivers — were built around the same hull configuration and propulsion plant. These iconic ships were the mainstay of the Canadian fleet from 1955 to 1995, including most of the Cold War.
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Article

St Mary's Church

The interior explains the unfamiliar shape; the entrance wall spirals inward past a circular baptistery to shield a broad, shadowed sanctuary under the downward billowing concrete vault. Two concrete cylinders descend from the vault to shed natural light on the altar and tabernacle areas.
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Article

St. Patrick's Day in Canada

An annual celebration of Irish identity, St. Patrick’s Day has been a cause for celebration and controversy across the country (see Irish Canadians). It is celebrated on March 17 with parades and festivals showcasing Irish culture in several cities across Canada, such as Montreal and Toronto. Festivities typically involve wearing green, displaying Irish symbols, and drinking green beer. The first St. Patrick’s Day parade in Canada was held in 1824, in Montreal.
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Article

St. Roch

The St. Roch was built in 1928 as an Arctic supply and patrol vessel for the Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP). In 1942, it became the first ship to traverse the Northwest Passage from west to east. In 1944, the St. Roch returned to Vancouver in 86 days, becoming the first to navigate the Northwest Passage in a single season. In 1950, it became the first ship to circumnavigate North America. The voyages of the St. Roch demonstrated Canadian sovereignty in the Arctic. The ship was declared a national historic site in 1962.
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Article

Stabilization

Stabilization refers to government MONETARY POLICY, FISCAL POLICY, or other actions taken with the goal of minimizing BUSINESS CYCLE fluctuations in important economy-wide variables - especially employment, output and INFLATION.
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Article

Stagflation

Stagflation, the combination of high unemployment and high rates of INFLATION. Prior to the late 1960s, variations in economic activity were caused primarily by "demand shocks" (fluctuations in aggregate demand or total expenditure).
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Article

Stamp Collecting

The variety of themes and colours of stamps is endless and stamps often give a miniature pictorial history of a country, its culture and development, and even its flora and fauna.
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Article

Standard of Living

The standard of living is a measure of economic welfare. It generally refers to the availability of scarce goods and services, usually measured by per capita income or per capita consumption, calculated in constant dollars, to satisfy wants rather than needs.
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Article

Stanley Cup

The Stanley Cup is the oldest trophy competed for by professional athletes in North America. It was donated by Governor General Lord Stanleyin 1892 for presentation to the top hockey team in Canada, and was first awarded to the Montreal Amateur Athletic Association (1892–93). Since 1926, the Stanley Cup competition has been under the control of the National Hockey League(NHL). The Montreal Canadiens are the most successful team in Stanley Cup history, with 24 victories, followed by the Toronto Maple Leafswith 13. These two “Original Six” teams dominated the championship from the 1940s to the 1970s. (See also Lord Stanley and the Stanley Cup.)
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Article

Staple Thesis

The staple thesis is a theory that asserts that the export of natural resources, or staples, from Canada has a pervasive impact on the economy as well as on social and political systems. (See also International Trade.) Furthermore, different staples (fur, fish, timber, grain, oil, etc.) have differing impacts on rates of settlement, federal-provincial conflicts, etc. (See also Fur Trade in Canada; Timber Trade History.)
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Article

Star

A star is a large, self-luminous sphere of hot gas held together by its own gravitational force.
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Article

Star Weekly

The Toronto Star Weekly began publication in April 1910 in Toronto. Founded by Joseph E. Atkinson, the Toronto Star Weekly was an attempt to create a Sunday newspaper. The Toronto Star Weekly changed its name to the Star Weekly in 1938. The newspaper ceased publication in 1973.
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Macleans

Starbucks Prepares to Invade Toronto

This article was originally published in Maclean’s magazine on January 22, 1996. Partner content is not updated. The staff is busy and the seats are nearly full at the Starbucks Coffee outlet on Toronto's Danforth Avenue, even though the windows are still papered over and a "Help Wanted" sign is taped to the front door.
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Article

Stare Decisis

Stare decisis [Latin, "let the decision stand"] refers to the doctrine of precedent, according to which the rules formulated by judges in earlier decisions are to be similarly applied in later cases.
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