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  • Article

    Laurentian Thesis

    The Laurentian thesis is an influential theory of Canadian history. It was developed by several historians in the early and middle decades of the 20th century. It posits that Canada’s development was a result of the economic exploitation of staple resources (e.g., fur, timber, wheat, etc.) by a merchant class living in the major centres along the St. Lawrence River and the Great Lakes. This system enabled the creation of both a transatlantic and a transcontinental market economy. The Laurentian thesis was a major influence on historians after the Second World War.

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  • Article

    Laurentian University

    Laurentian University, in Greater Sudbury, Ont, was founded in 1960; instruction is in both French and English. Laurentian University dates from 1913 when the Roman Catholic Collège du Sacré-Coeur was established in Sudbury. In 1957 it became the University of Sudbury.

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  • Editorial

    Sir Wilfrid Laurier: the Politics of Compromise

    The following article is an editorial written by The Canadian Encyclopedia staff. Editorials are not usually updated.

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  • Article

    Lavell Case

    The Lavell case (AG v. Lavell) was a challenge to Canadian law as it related to Indigenous women’s rights under section 12(1)(b) of the Indian Act. As the case moved through the court system, it merged with R v. Bédard and mounted a significant challenge against the patriarchal (male-dominated) and sexist nature of constitutional law in Canada.

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  • Article

    Law

    Law governs the relationship of society's individual members to each other and to society as a whole. Every human society has a legal system, because every society must attempt to resolve the basic conflict between the needs of the individual and those of the community.

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  • Article

    Law and Society

    One of the most historic ideas about the LAW is that it is based on human nature or reason, and therefore simply reflects what is natural or reasonable, enabling society to function in a just and effective manner.

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  • Article

    Law and the Press

    Operating in a libertarian climate, the Canadian media are mainly unhampered by licensing and little affected by prior CENSORSHIP.

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  • Article

    Law Enforcement

    Law Enforcement refers to the application or threat of legally permitted sanctions to induce compliance with legal rules.

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  • Article

    Law of Evidence

    Law of evidence, the body of regulations governing the proof of the existence of a fact before a court. It falls under federal and provincial legislation. In matters governed by the former, provisions of the Canada Evidence Act must be applied. Common law must also be applied.

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  • Article

    Law of Fiduciary Obligation

    In Canadian law, fiduciary obligation refers to a relationship in which one party (the fiduciary) is responsible for looking after the best interests of another party (the beneficiary). The courts have determined that a fiduciary obligation exists where the fiduciary can exercise some discretion or power, and they do so in a way that affects the interests of the beneficiary. In these relationships, the beneficiary is in a position of vulnerability at the hands of the fiduciary. 

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  • Article

    Law of the Sea

    Law of the Sea, for about 300 years, was to a large extent determined by principles of customary law. Coastal states claimed sovereignty over a narrow belt of territorial sea; on the rest of the seas (the "high seas"), the basic principle of freedom of the seas reigned.

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  • Article

    Law Reform

    Law reform is the process of ensuring that law meets the needs of the society it is designed to serve. The process may involve updating by repealing old and obsolete enactments, consolidating or rationalizing an area of law, or even proposing entirely new concepts.

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  • Article

    Law Reform Commission of Canada

    The Law Reform Commission of Canada (1971-1993, 1997 - 2006) began operation as a permanent independent body to study and undertake a systematic review of Canadian LAW.

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  • Article

    Lawn Bowling

    Lawn bowling, or "bowls," is a game played on a flat lawn or green at least 36.6 m2. In a match, the object is to roll bowls so that as many as possible are nearer to the "jack" (a smaller white bowl) than the nearest opposing wood. Bowling can be traced back to ancient Egypt.

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  • Macleans

    Layton on the Eve of the Election

    Jack LAYTON laughs a lot for a socialist. And maybe that's the problem.This article was originally published in Maclean's Magazine on September 8, 2008

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