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Article

Applebaum-Hébert Report

Applebaum-Hébert Report. Name commonly given to the report of the Federal Cultural Policy Review Committee appointed by the Liberal government in August 1980. This was the first review of Canadian cultural institutions and federal cultural policy after the Massey Commission report of 1951.
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Article

Applied Anthropology

Applied anthropologists use their knowledge of peoples and cultures for practical purposes. They do this framed by anthropological concepts and a methodology - ethnographic fieldwork - that portrays people in their actual circumstances.
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Article

Applied Mathematics

Applied mathematics is any valid mathematics that arises in the evolution and dispatch of real-world problems. It may use all of the techniques of "pure" mathematics, but the two differ in the sources of problems addressed and the uses to which solutions will be put. Therefore, applied mathematics can involve engineering, physics and other fields, in addition to pure mathematics.
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Article

Apprenticeship

Apprenticeship, as a form of instruction in which a novice learns from a master of a craft or art, has existed for thousands of years.
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Article

Apprenticeship in Early Canada

From the Middle Ages or earlier, many trades in France and other European countries organized themselves into communities which came to be known as corporations or guilds.
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Article

Apricot

Apricot is the common name for certain members of genus Prunus of the rose family, which produce sweet, round or oblong, nearly smooth fruit (resembling a small peach ), with a large, flat stone. Most cultivars (commercial varieties) originated from the common apricot, Prunus armeniaca. In Canada, apricots are grown primarily in the dry, warm southern interior of British Columbia and in southern Ontario.
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April Wine

A staple of Canadian classic rock, April Wine was one of the most popular and commercially successful Canadian rock bands of the 1970s and early 1980s. They had 5 platinum or multi-platinum albums in Canada, 21 Top 40 singles, and received 10 Juno Award nominations, including 7 for group of the year between 1975 and 1983. Their radio-friendly arena rock sound was characterized by strong melodies, catchy, muscular guitar riffs, and sentimental pop ballads. They have been inducted into the Canadian Music Industry Hall of Fame, the Canadian Music Hall of Fame and Canada’s Walk of Fame. A version of this entry originally appeared in the Encyclopedia of Music in Canada.
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Article

Aquaculture

Aquaculture is the human-controlled cultivation and harvest of freshwater and marine plants and animals. Synonyms include fish farming, fish culture, mariculture, fish breeding and ocean ranching.
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Aquarium

An aquarium is an organization devoted to the public exhibition of both freshwater and marine aquatic life. Exhibit species may include not only fish but also other aquatic animals.
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Aquarius Records Ltd.

Aquarius Records Ltd. Independent label established in 1970 in Montreal by Terry Flood, Donald Tarlton (Donald K. Donald), Bob Lemm, Jack Lazare and Daniel Lazare.
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Arabic Music in Canada

In 1986 there were 107,000 people of Arabic extraction in Canada. The first immigration, in 1882, brought only Syrians and Lebanese who, even in the 1970s, formed a majority of Arab-Canadians, though 17 nations were represented to some degree in the total.
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Arachnida

Arachnida is a large class of chelicerate arthropods (segmented, jointed-limbed animals) including the orders Araneae, Scorpiones, Opiliones, Pseudoscorpiones, Solifugae and the subclass Acari.
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Ararat

Ararat, Atom Egoyan's movie-within-a-movie, is about the 1915 slaughter of Turkey's Armenian minority, an atrocity that is still officially denied by the Turkish government.
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Arbitration

Arbitration is a process for resolving legal disputes by recourse to a neutral third party tribunal chosen by the parties in dispute.
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Article

Arboretums in Canada

An arboretum is a living collection of trees, shrubs and herbaceous plants that are grown deliberately to showcase a diversity of species and forms, usually to highlight the varieties of flora of one or several ecozones (see Natural Regions). An arboretum is a type of botanical collection but is distinct from a botanical garden (though some botanical gardens contain arboretums). The word arboretum comes from the Latin word arbor, meaning tree. Arboretums are created and cultivated for conservation, scientific and educational purposes. Because of this, tree and plant species are often identified with nameplates or other instructional panels to help educate the public. Species are usually planted together to reflect their botanical relationships or common habitats. Arboretums are often landscaped in a fashion similar to large parks, although the landscaping may seek to mimic certain features of the trees' natural environment (e.g., rock formations, proximity to water or wetlands). In some cases, arboretums may be created simply by preserving a portion or all of an existing forest as a representative of a natural forest ecosystem.
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