Browse "People"

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Article

African Canadians

Prior to 1960, Black immigrants from Africa comprised a very small, scattered and almost unknown group of newcomers to Canada, although Africans of European and Asian ancestry had a clearer presence. According to the 2021 census, 1,394,170 Canadians reported being of African origin. (See also Black Canadians.)
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Article

Afua Cooper

Afua (Ava Pamela) Cooper, educator, historian, performance artist, poet (born 8 November 1957 in the Whithorn district of Westmoreland, Jamaica), is considered one of the most influential and pioneering voices in the Canadian dub poetry and spoken word movement. Her poems are published in numerous regional, national and international journals and anthologies. Afua Cooper also has CDs of her performances that make her work well known to the global community. In addition to her renown as a performance artist, she is an internationally-ranked historian. She has taught Caribbean cultural studies, history, women's studies and Black studies at Ryerson and York universities, at the University of Toronto and at Dalhousie University.
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Article

Agathe de Saint-Père

Agathe de Saint-Père, merchant, entrepreneur, trailblazer (born 27 February 1657 in Montreal, QC; died 19 August 1747 in Quebec City, QC). Agathe de Saint-Père was the daughter of French pioneers who settled in the colony of Ville-Marie, New France, in the mid-17th century. She distinguished herself in the emerging business world and opened the first fabric workshop. Saint-Père did this with the king's approval at a time when goods were exclusively imported from metropolitan France and when women were considered minors and lived under the guardianship of their husbands. (See also History of Gender Roles in Canada.)
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Article

AGLAÉ

AGLAÉ (b Jocelyne Deslongchamps). Singer, actress, b L'Épiphanie, near Montreal, 13 May 1933, d Montreal 19 Apr 1984. She began her career at 16 in Montreal nightclubs (eg, the Au Faisan doré) under the name Josette France.
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Article

Agnes Butcher

Agnes Butcher. Pianist, teacher, b Edmonton 11 Apr 1915; ATCM piano1930, LTCM piano 1936. She began piano studies in Brockville, Ont in 1920, moved to Hamilton in 1924 and studied with W.H. Hewlett, then continued in Toronto in 1934 with Viggo Kihl and Charles Peaker.
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Agnes C. Higgins

Agnes Charlotte Higgins (née Quamme), CM, nutritionist (born 18 June 1911 in Finley, North Dakota; died 27 August 1985 in Montreal, QC). Higgins began working at the Montreal Diet Dispensary in 1948 and was the Executive Director from 1959 until her retirement in 1981. She is best known for developing the “Higgins Method,” a nutritional program designed to help pregnant women improve their health and deliver healthy babies. Higgins’ influence on nutrition education extended throughout Canada, North America and much of the world. (See also Childbirth in Canada.)
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Article

Agnes Dennis

Agnes Dennis, née Miller, teacher, feminist (b at Truro, NS 11 Apr 1859; d at Halifax 21 Apr 1947). Dennis succeeded Edith Archibald as president of the Halifax Victorian Order of Nurses 1901-46, and of the Halifax Local Council of Women 1906-20.
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Agnès Grossmann

Agnès Grossmann, orchestra and choir conductor (b at Vienna 24 Apr 1944). After studies in piano performance at the Vienna Academy (1968), Grossmann embarked on a career as a soloist in Europe and Japan.
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Article

Agnes Grossmann

Agnes Grossmann. Orchestral and choral conductor, pianist, b Vienna, 24 April 1944; piano performance diploma (Vienna Academy) 1968, honorary D HUM L (Mount St Vincent) 1991, honorary D Univ (Ottawa) 2004.
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Article

Agnes Macphail

Agnes Campbell Macphail, politician, reformer (born 24 March 1890 in Proton Township, Grey County, ON; died 13 February 1954 in Toronto, ON). Agnes Macphail was the first woman elected to the House of Commons (1921–40) and was one of the first two women elected to the Ontario legislature (1943–45, 1948–51). She was also the first female member of a Canadian delegation to the League of Nations. Macphail was a founding member of the Co-operative Commonwealth Federation (the forerunner of the New Democratic Party). She was a noted pacifist and an advocate for prison reform. As a member of the Ontario legislature, she championed Ontario’s first equal pay legislation (1951).
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Article

Agnes Maule Machar

Agnes Maule Machar, novelist, poet, historian (b at Kingston, Ont 23 Jan 1837; d there 24 Jan 1927). An important reformist and literary figure in Victorian Canada, she was a prolific writer who published poetry, several novels and volumes of history and biography.
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Article

Agnes Nanogak Goose

Agnes Nanogak Goose, graphic artist, illustrator (born 12 November 1925 on Baillie Island, NT; died in 2001). Agnes Nanogak Goose was a prominent Inuit graphic artist who published through the Holman Eskimo Co-operative (now Ulukahaktok Arts Centre). She created prints that represented Inuit traditional stories, and some of her prints were used in illustrating books (see also Inuit Art; Inuit Printmaking).
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Editorial

Gord Downie: Bring on the Brand New Renaissance

The following article is an editorial written by The Canadian Encyclopedia staff. Editorials are not usually updated. Brainy poetic iconoclast, mischievous punk and cultural court jester, Gord Downie flipped the script of Canadian identity and took us on a quest to discover ourselves.
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Article

Ahousaht

Ahousaht (Ahousat) is a Nuu-chah-nulth First Nation residing on the west coast of Vancouver Island, British Columbia. The word Ahousaht means “facing opposite from the ocean” or “people living with their backs to the land and mountains” in the Nuu-chah-nulth language. It is the largest of all the Nuu-chah-nulth nations, with a population of 2,230 in August 2025.
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Article

William Aide

William (John) Aide. Pianist, teacher, writer, b Timmins, Ont, 27 Mar 1938; LRCT 1959, Artist Diploma (Toronto) 1959, B SC music (Juilliard) 1962.
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