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American martens (Martes americana) are slender weasels specialized for life in the northern coniferous forests. They are found from Alaska and British Columbia to Newfoundland and into the US.
Description
Males average 60 cm long and weigh 1 kg; females are 54 cm and 650 g. The bushy tail is half the body length; the feet are large with sharp climbing claws. The colour is shades of brown with a yellow chest spot and blackish legs and tail. The large ears are whitish. Martens are solitary, except for the female and her kits, which may travel in groups for several months.
Diet
Expert climbers, they hunt in trees for squirrels and bird nests and on the ground for mice, voles, hares and birds. Insects, berries and even carrion are also eaten.
Reproduction and Development
Mating occurs between July and August, and following a lengthy period of delayed fetal implantation, litters of 1–4 young are born in March to April. Sexual maturity occurs at 2 years.
Relationship with Humans
The species has been highly valued for its soft, lustrous fur. Historically, the annual catch in Canada has been between 20,000 to 100,000. Forest fires and overkill have been causes of decline. The Newfoundland population of American martens is categorized as being of Special Concern by the Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada (COSEWIC).
