Article
AIDS
Illnesses that this infection can produce include a transient disease, developing within several months of exposure. It is characterized by rash, fever, malaise, joint pains and lymphadenopathy (swollen lymph nodes).
Enter your search term
Signing up enhances your TCE experience with the ability to save items to your personal reading list, and access the interactive map.
Create AccountArticle
Illnesses that this infection can produce include a transient disease, developing within several months of exposure. It is characterized by rash, fever, malaise, joint pains and lymphadenopathy (swollen lymph nodes).
"https://d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net/media/media/ec32b260-d075-4289-a323-b2bb2d10fd75.jpg" // resources/views/front/categories/view.blade.phphttps://d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net/media/media/ec32b260-d075-4289-a323-b2bb2d10fd75.jpg
Article
The earliest settlers of Upper Canada were normally American immigrants, free to take up land and enjoy the privileges of British subjects upon giving an oath of allegiance to the Crown.
"https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/images/tce_placeholder.jpg?v=e9dca980c9bdb3aa11e832e7ea94f5d9" // resources/views/front/categories/view.blade.phphttps://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/images/tce_placeholder.jpg?v=e9dca980c9bdb3aa11e832e7ea94f5d9
Article
Anti-Semitism is an attitude characterized by hostility and discriminatory behaviour towards Jewish people. Anti-Semitism has a long history in Canada in fueling discrimination and unfair treatment against Jewish Canadians. (See also Prejudice and Discrimination in Canada.) Anti-Semitism in Canada has rarely been restricted to the extremists of society. Rather, it has often been part of the mainstream, shared to varying degrees by all elements of the nation. Until the 1950s it had respectability; few people apologized for being anti-Jewish. Expressions of anti-Semitism were heard in the halls of Parliament, read in the press, taught in some schools and absorbed in some churches.
"https://d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net/media/media/aa0f8664-1d69-4438-ac0c-5b9cfc227059.jpg" // resources/views/front/categories/view.blade.phphttps://d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net/media/media/aa0f8664-1d69-4438-ac0c-5b9cfc227059.jpg
Article
The Anti-Slavery Society of Canada was formed in Canada West (now Ontario) in 1851 to promote the global abolition of slavery and provide relief to African American refugees seeking freedom in Canada. Led by influential residents of the province from Black and White communities alike, the society was active until the early 1860s. It helped shape a sympathetic view of the abolitionist cause of the northern United States in the decade leading up to the American Civil War.
"https://d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net/media/media/6be5e52e-2118-47d3-a317-75aff5b0c72a.jpg" // resources/views/front/categories/view.blade.phphttps://d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net/media/media/6be5e52e-2118-47d3-a317-75aff5b0c72a.jpg
Article
Antifeminism is a counter-movement that is opposed to feminism and that seeks to thwart efforts to emancipate women. Antifeminism has evolved in response to advances made by the feminist movement.
"https://d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net/media/media/e46a9a44-231e-4000-8a86-dae26e0d9a25.jpg" // resources/views/front/categories/view.blade.phphttps://d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net/media/media/e46a9a44-231e-4000-8a86-dae26e0d9a25.jpg
Article
In early Canada, the enslavement of African peoples was a legal instrument that helped fuel colonial economic enterprise. The buying, selling and enslavement of Black people was practiced by European traders and colonists in New France in the early 1600s, and lasted until it was abolished throughout British North America in 1834. During that two-century period, settlers in what would eventually become Canada were involved in the transatlantic slave trade. Canada is further linked to the institution of enslavement through its history of international trade. Products such as salted cod and timber were exchanged for slave-produced goods such as rum, molasses, tobacco and sugar from slaveholding colonies in the Caribbean. This is the full-length entry about Black enslavement in Canada. For a plain language summary, please see Black Enslavement in Canada (Plain Language Summary). (See also Olivier Le Jeune; Sir David Kirke; Chloe Cooley and the Act to Limit Slavery in Upper Canada; Underground Railroad; Fugitive Slave Act of 1850; Slavery Abolition Act, 1833; Slavery of Indigenous People in Canada.)
"https://d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net/media/media/10e1983c-bdbe-4650-9121-50dd7f143f28.jpg" // resources/views/front/categories/view.blade.phphttps://d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net/media/media/10e1983c-bdbe-4650-9121-50dd7f143f28.jpg
Article
Black Lives Matter (BLM) is a decentralized movement to end anti-Black racism. It was founded as an online community in the United States in 2013 in response to the acquittal of the man who killed Black teenager Trayvon Martin. Its stated mission is to end white supremacy and state-sanctioned violence and to liberate Black people and communities. The Black Lives Matter hashtag (#BlackLivesMatter) has been used to bring attention to discrimination and violence faced by Black people. BLM has chapters in the United States and around the world. There are five chapters in Canada: Toronto (BLM-TO), Vancouver (BLM-VAN), Waterloo Region, Edmonton, and New Brunswick.
"https://d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net/BLM/BlackLivesMatterProtest.jpg" // resources/views/front/categories/view.blade.phphttps://d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net/BLM/BlackLivesMatterProtest.jpg
Article
Bois-Brûlé is a 19th-century term for a mixed-blood Indigenous person or a Métis person.
"https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/images/tce_placeholder.jpg?v=e9dca980c9bdb3aa11e832e7ea94f5d9" // resources/views/front/categories/view.blade.phphttps://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/images/tce_placeholder.jpg?v=e9dca980c9bdb3aa11e832e7ea94f5d9
Article
For much of its history, the Canadian military had a policy of punishing or purging 2SLGBTQ+ members among their ranks. During the Cold War, the military increased its efforts to identify and remove suspected 2SLGBTQ+ servicemen and women due to expressed concerns about blackmail and national security. In 1992, a court challenge led to the reversal of these discriminatory practices. The federal government officially apologized in 2017.
"https://d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net/media/new_article_images/MichelleDouglas2Image for guide.jpg" // resources/views/front/categories/view.blade.phphttps://d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net/media/new_article_images/MichelleDouglas2Image for guide.jpg
Article
Force 136 was a branch of the British Special Operations Executive (SOE) during the Second World War. Its covert missions were based in Japanese-occupied Southeast Asia, where orders were to support and train local resistance movements to sabotage Japanese supply lines and equipment. While Force 136 recruited mostly Southeast Asians, it also recruited about 150 Chinese Canadians. It was thought that Chinese Canadians would blend in with local populations and speak local languages. Earlier in the war, many of these men had volunteered their services to Canada but were either turned away or recruited and sidelined. Force 136 became an opportunity for Chinese Canadian men to demonstrate their courage and skills and especially their loyalty to Canada.
"https://d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net/media/new_article_images/Force136/Force136-India-w-guns.jpg" // resources/views/front/categories/view.blade.phphttps://d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net/media/new_article_images/Force136/Force136-India-w-guns.jpg
Article
Doukhobors are a sect of Russian dissenters, many of whom now live in western Canada. They are known for a radical pacifism which brought them notoriety during the 20th century. Today, their descendants in Canada number approximately 30,000, with one third still active in their culture.
"https://d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net/DCI-images/1908-Doukhobours-final-rescale.jpg" // resources/views/front/categories/view.blade.phphttps://d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net/DCI-images/1908-Doukhobours-final-rescale.jpg
Article
Enfranchisement was the most common of the legal processes by which Indigenous peoples lost their Indian Status under the Indian Act. This is the full-length entry about Enfranchisement. For a plain language summary, please see Enfranchisement (Plain Language Summary).
"https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/images/tce_placeholder.jpg?v=e9dca980c9bdb3aa11e832e7ea94f5d9" // resources/views/front/categories/view.blade.phphttps://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/images/tce_placeholder.jpg?v=e9dca980c9bdb3aa11e832e7ea94f5d9
Article
Environmental racism is the disproportionate proximity and greater exposure of Indigenous, Black and other racialized communities to polluting industries and environmentally hazardous activities. In Canada, Indigenous and African Nova Scotian communities have been the most impacted by environmental racism. Examples of environmental racism in Nova Scotia include an open dump in Africville, landfills in Shelburne and Lincolnville, a pulp and paper mill in Pictou Landing First Nation, and a pipeline in Sipekne’katik First Nation. A pipeline also runs through Wet'suwet'en First Nation in British Columbia, while in Ontario there is mercury contamination in Grassy Narrows First Nation and over 60 petrochemical facilities surrounding Aamjiwnaang First Nation.
"https://d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net/media/new_article_images/EnvironmentalRacisminCanada/ChemicalValley.jpg" // resources/views/front/categories/view.blade.phphttps://d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net/media/new_article_images/EnvironmentalRacisminCanada/ChemicalValley.jpg
Article
Environmental racism is when polluting industries and environmentally hazardous activities are primarily located near low-income or minority communities. In Canada, Indigenous and Black communities are the most affected by environmental racism. This article contains examples of environmental racism in Nova Scotia, Ontario and British Columbia. This article is a plain-language summary of environmental racism in Canada. If you are interested in reading about this topic in more depth, please see the full-length entry, Environmental Racism in Canada.
"https://d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net/media/new_article_images/EnvironmentalRacisminCanada/ChemicalValley.jpg" // resources/views/front/categories/view.blade.phphttps://d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net/media/new_article_images/EnvironmentalRacisminCanada/ChemicalValley.jpg
Article
The word Eskimo is an offensive term that has been used historically to describe the Inuit throughout their homeland, Inuit Nunangat, in the arctic regions of Alaska, Greenland and Canada, as well as the Yupik of Alaska and northeastern Russia, and the Inupiat of Alaska. Considered derogatory in Canada, the term was once used extensively in popular culture and by researchers, writers and the general public throughout the world. ( See also Arctic Indigenous Peoples and Inuit.)
"https://d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net/media/media/1779322a-17c2-46ee-8b68-ba0a2c7bb9a0.jpg" // resources/views/front/categories/view.blade.phphttps://d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net/media/media/1779322a-17c2-46ee-8b68-ba0a2c7bb9a0.jpg