Browse "Arts & Culture"

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Article

French Language in Canada

French is one of Canada’s two official languages. Although every province in Canada has people whose mother tongue is French, Québec is the only province where speakers of French are in the majority. In 2011, 7,054,975 people in Canada (21 per cent of the country’s population) had French as their mother tongue.
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Editorial

The Stories Behind Canada's Fringe Festivals

The following article is an editorial written by The Canadian Encyclopedia staff. Editorials are not usually updated.
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Article

Fringe Theatre Festivals

Fringe Theatre Festivals In Canada, a fringe festival is a low-capital production model that accommodates small independent theatre artists. The theatre performed at such festivals is usually small, inexpensive and often produced in bars, galleries, storefronts and other makeshift spaces conscripted by festival organizers. Considered as a genre, contemporary fringe theatre can be satirical, subversive, experimental, radical and/or concerned with expressing a particular voice: feminist, gay, black, poor and others. Fringe festivals provide venues and...
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Editorial

Gardiner Museum of Ceramic Art

The Gardiner Museum of Ceramic Art is located in downtown Toronto. It was designed by Bruce Kuwabara and his team at KPMB Architects. Approaching the museum, one encounters an elevated cube cantilevered towards Queen’s Park. Its fritted-glass windows are set back from the building’s elegant limestone facade. The building is a dramatic extension of the modest original. The original building was a stately, two-storey neoclassical modernist structure designed by Keith Wagland. (He was one of Kuwabara’s professors at the University of Toronto.) It was completed in 1984.
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Article

Garrison Mentality

Garrison mentality is a concept in Canadian literary theory and criticism. It was first put forth by critic and scholar Northrop Frye in the mid-1960s. It argues that early Canadian identity was shaped by the fear of a hostile landscape. Communities had to defend themselves from overwhelming forces. Frye believed that the threat of Canada’s wilderness — a “huge, unthinking, menacing, and formidable physical setting” — led to a desire among Canadians to retreat into safety. This in turn shaped their values as a group. Frye argued that the environment’s impact on Canada’s national psyche was revealed through recurring themes in Canadian art and culture. As a literary theory, the garrison mentality has inspired both supporters and detractors. Frye argued that it could be a limiting factor in the development of the arts in Canada. Others have argued that the mentality has merit, and that it resists the hyper-individualism of modern life.
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Article

'Gens du pays'

'Gens du pays'. Song written by Gilles Vigneault and Gaston Rochon for the 1975 St-Jean-Baptiste celebrations on Mount Royal, Montreal. Its popularity has made it almost a national anthem in Quebec, where it is sung frequently by crowds at rallies or on festive occasions.
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Article

German Music in Canada

In 1986 Canadians of German descent formed the fifth largest ethnic group in Canada - after French, English, Scottish, and Irish. In 1986 the figure was approximately 900,000 of German origin and an estimated 1,700,000 with German-speaking ancestors from various parts of Europe.
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Article

Glad Day Bookshop

Glad Day Bookshop is the oldest surviving 2SLGBTQ+ bookstore in the world. The first store of its kind in Canada, it was launched by pioneering gay activist Jearld Moldenhauer in December 1970 to help build Toronto’s fledgling gay rights movement. This was at a time when businesses were averse to selling a rapidly growing range of lesbian- and gay-positive publications. In the words of author Tim McCaskell, “Glad Day was a political project. It aimed to make available the suppressed history, culture, imagery and literature routinely denied to us.”
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Article

Governor General's Literary Awards

The Governor General’s Literary Awards are the pre-eminent literary prize offered for single works in Canada. They serve to reward Canadian writers and to publicize Canadian literature through the announcement of short-listed nominees and the awards ceremony each year. As of 2017, there were 14 categories, seven each in English and French, with a cash prize of $25,000 each. The publisher of each winning book receives $3,000 to promote it, and authors that are shortlisted as finalists receive $1,000.
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Article

Governor General's Performing Arts Awards

The Governor General's Performing Arts Awards (GGPAA) are Canada's foremost distinction for excellence in the performing arts. The Awards were created in 1992 by the late Right Honourable Ramon John Hnatyshyn (1934-2002), then Governor General of Canada, and his wife Gerda.
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Article

Granby Song Festival/Festival de la chanson de Granby

Granby Song Festival/Festival de la chanson de Granby. Annual competition begun in 1969 in Granby, Que, by Yves Gagnon and Yves Steinmetz, to promote original Quebec song, provide amateurs with a permanent workshop, and encourage international exchange.
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Article

Grand Théâtre de Québec

Grand Théâtre de Québec. A building complex devoted to the performing arts, located in Quebec City at the corner of Claire-Fontaine St and René Lévesque Blvd E.
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Article

Greek Music in Canada

The first Greek immigrants to Canada arrived in 1891. By 1961 there were 56,000 people of Greek origin in Canada; by 1986 177,310. The largest group originated from Peloponnesus, but Macedonia, Crete, and other regions also are represented. The majority profess Greek Orthodoxy.
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Article

Group of Seven

The Group of Seven, also known as the Algonquin School, was a school of landscape painters. It was founded in 1920 as an organization of self-proclaimed modern artists and disbanded in 1933. The group presented the dense, northern boreal forest of the Canadian Shield as a transcendent, spiritual force. Their depictions of Canada’s rugged wind-swept forest panoramas were eventually equated with a romanticized notion of Canadian strength and independence. Their works were noted for their bright colours, tactile paint handling, and simple yet dynamic forms. In addition to Tom Thomson, David Milne and Emily Carr, the Group of Seven were the most important Canadian artists of the early 20th century. Their influence is seen in artists as diverse as abstract painter Jack Bush, the Painters Eleven, and Scottish painter Peter Doig.
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Article

Guelph Spring Festival

Guelph Spring Festival.
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