Nature & Geography | The Canadian Encyclopedia

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    Spiraea

    Spiraea is a genus of small shrubs of the family Rosaceae (rose). The genus consists of some 70-80 species, as well as many horticultural varieties of garden origin that have resulted from hybridization. Probably the most noteworthy of these hybrids is S.

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    Spirit Bear

    Spirit bears are rare white-coated black bears (Ursus americanus kermodei) that live in the coastal temperate rainforests of Northwest British Columbia. Their striking colour is caused by an uncommon recessive genetic trait. Spirit bears are not a unique species or subspecies, but a unique colouration of the coastal British Columbian black bear subspecies kermodei. Referred to as moksgm’ol, meaning “white bear,” by Tsimshian coastal First Nations, spirit bears play an important role in local culture and increasingly in Indigenous-led ecotourism.

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    Sponge

    Sponge (Porifera), phylum of bottom-dwelling, attached, aquatic organisms which, as adults, generate vigorous water currents through their porous bodies by action of internal fields of microscopic flagella (whiplike structures).

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    Spotted Turtle

    The spotted turtle (Clemmys guttata) is a small freshwater turtle native to Eastern North America. It is named for the bright yellow or yellow-orange spots on its shell, head and limbs. Its Canadian range is restricted to Southern and Central Ontario, where it is found in shallow wetland habitats such as swamps, marshes, fens and bogs. The spotted turtle is endangered, both in Canada and globally.

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    Spring

    A spring is a point of natural, concentrated groundwater discharge from soil or rock. 

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    Spring Peeper

    The spring peeper (Pseudacris crucifer) is a small tree frog native to the forests of Eastern North America. Within Canada, the spring peeper can be found from Manitoba to the Atlantic provinces, excluding Newfoundland. (See also Frog Species in Canada.) In the spring, male spring peepers come together in groups around temporary breeding ponds to call out in a series of loud, high-pitched peeps meant to attract females. This sound is one of the earliest frog calls heard in the spring.

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    Spruce

    Spruce is an evergreen conifer (genus Picea) of the pine family (Pinaceae). About 40 species occur worldwide, in circumpolar distribution in the Northern Hemisphere; 5 are native to Canada.

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    Squash

    Squash (genus Cucurbita) is an annual plant belonging to the Cucurbitaceae family and native to the Americas.

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    Squid

    Squid are decapods ("10-footed") molluscs of class Cephalopoda. Squid are usually of the order Teuthoidea).

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    Squirrel

     Squirrel, common name for family (Sciuridae) of rodents, comprising 262 species, found in North and South America, Eurasia and Africa.

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    Star

    A star is a large, self-luminous sphere of hot gas held together by its own gravitational force.

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    Starfish

    Starfish, or sea star, is a common marine animal found from seashore to ocean depths; 1600 species are known worldwide.

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    Starling

    Starling is the common name for an Old World family (Sturnidae) of birds, comprising 114 principally tropical species. 

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    Station PAPA

    Station PAPA Ocean Weather Station "P" is commonly called Station PAPA after the code word for the letter P in the phonetic alphabet used by radio operators. Station PAPA is located in the N Pacific Ocean (50° N, 145° W) and has a water depth of 4200 m.

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    Stickleback

    Stickleback, of the fish family Gasterosteidae, occur in freshwater lakes and streams and in marine waters along northern coastlines of the northern hemisphere.

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