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First Nations in Ontario

There are 128 federally recognized First Nations in Ontario. In addition to these recognized First Nations, the Chiefs of Ontario recognize another five First Nations. As a result, there are 133 First Nations in Ontario according to the Chiefs of Ontario. First Nation is one of three groupings of Indigenous people in Canada, the other two being Métis and Inuit. Unlike Métis and Inuit, most First Nations hold reserve lands, and members of a First Nation may live both on and off these reserves (see also Reserves in Ontario). While the term First Nation can describe a large ethnic grouping (e.g. the Mohawk Nation), in other cases it is synonymous with the term band, a word originally chosen by the federal government and used in the Indian Act. The word band describes smaller communities, such as the ones listed below. Many First Nations prefer the term First Nation over band. In terms of larger ethnic groupings, First Nations in Ontario are Haudenosaunee, Anishinaabe, Cree, Algonquin, Oji-Cree, and Lunaapeew (Delaware).
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List

First Nations in Quebec

There are 40 First Nations in Quebec. First Nation is one of three groupings of Indigenous people in Canada, the other two being Métis and Inuit. Unlike Métis and Inuit, most First Nations hold reserve lands, and members of a First Nation may live both on and off these reserves (see also Reserves in Quebec). While the term First Nation can describe a large ethnic grouping (e.g., the Cree Nation), in other cases it is synonymous with the term band, a word originally chosen by the federal government and used in the Indian Act. The word band describes smaller communities, such as the ones listed below. Many First Nations prefer the term First Nation over band. In terms of larger ethnic groupings, First Nations in Quebec are Algonquin, Cree, Naskapi, Mohawk, Innu, Mi’kmaq, Wolastoqiyik, Abenaki, Anishinaabe, and Atikamekw.
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List

First Nations in Saskatchewan

There are 75 First Nations in Saskatchewan. First Nation is one of three groupings of Indigenous people in Canada, the other two being Métis and Inuit. Unlike Métis and Inuit, most First Nations hold reserve lands, and members of a First Nation may live both on and off these reserves (see also Reserves in Saskatchewan). While the term First Nation can describe a large ethnic grouping (e.g. the Cree Nation), in other cases it is synonymous with the term band, a word originally chosen by the federal government and used in the Indian Act. The word band describes smaller communities, such as the ones listed below. Many First Nations prefer the term First Nation over band. In terms of larger ethnic groupings, First Nations in Saskatchewan are part of the Assiniboine (Nakoda), Sioux (Dakota, Nakota and Lakota), Cree, Dene, Denesuline (Chipewyan) or Saulteaux.
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List

First Nations in the Northwest Territories

There are 27 First Nations in the Northwest Territories. First Nation is one of three groupings of Indigenous people in Canada, the other two being Métis and Inuit. Unlike the majority of First Nations in Canada, who are governed by the Indian Act and hold reserve lands, 24 of the First Nations in the Northwest Territories have a self-governing agreement or are in the process of negotiating one. The remaining three First Nations, Kátł’odeeche First Nation, Salt River First Nation and Tthebatthı Dënésułıné Nation, fall under the Indian Act and have reserve land in either the Northwest Territories, Alberta or both (see also Reserves in the Northwest Territories; Reserves in Alberta). While the term First Nation can describe a large ethnic grouping (e.g. the Dene Nation), in other cases it is synonymous with the term band, a word originally chosen by the federal government and used in the Indian Act. The word band describes smaller communities, such as the ones listed below. Many First Nations prefer the term First Nation over band. In terms of larger ethnic groupings, First Nations in the Northwest Territories are primarily Dene, with some Cree. They speak the following languages or dialects: Cree, Gwichya Gwich'in, Teetlit Gwich'in, North Slavey, South Slavey, Tlı̨chǫ, Dënesųłıné, Wıı̀lıı̀deh Yatıı̀, and Tetsǫ́t’ıné Yatıé. The Northwest Territories also has large Inuvialuit and Métis populations.
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First Nations in Yukon

There are 14 First Nations in Yukon. First Nation is one of three groupings of Indigenous people in Canada, the other two being Métis and Inuit. Unlike the majority of First Nations in Canada, who are governed by the Indian Act, 11 of Yukon’s First Nations are self-governing (see Self-Governing First Nations in Yukon). First Nations in Yukon belong to eight language groups (see Indigenous Languages). Seven of these languages are part of the Athapaskan language family, namely Gwich’in, Hän, Upper Tanana, Northern Tutchone, Southern Tutchone, Tagish and Kaska. The eighth language, Tlingit, is distantly related to the Athapaskan language family.
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First Nations on Prince Edward Island

There are two First Nations on Prince Edward Island. First Nation is one of three groupings of Indigenous people in Canada, the other two being Métis and Inuit. Unlike Métis and Inuit, most First Nations hold reserve lands, and members of a First Nation may live both on and off these reserves (see also Reserves on Prince Edward Island). While the term First Nation can describe a large ethnic grouping (e.g. the Mi’kmaq Nation), in other cases it is synonymous with the term band, a word originally chosen by the federal government and used in the Indian Act. The word band describes smaller communities, such as the ones listed below. Many First Nations prefer the term First Nation over band. In terms of larger ethnic groupings, First Nations on Prince Edward Island are Mi’kmaq.
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Article

Fishing Admiral

Fishing Admiral, a position of authority claimed by the first fishing ship's captain to enter each Newfoundland harbour every year, although in some harbours in the 1500s each ship's captain may have taken a turn during the fishing season.
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Five Man Electrical Band

Five Man Electrical Band (the Staccatos 1963-9). Rock band formed in Ottawa as the Staccatos.
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Macleans

Flatlined: Michael Ignatieff

Michael Ignatieff has been among the people.This article was originally published in Maclean's Magazine on March 21, 2011
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Flora Carey

Flora Carey (m Everett). Pianist, soprano, teacher, b Hamilton 1914, d there 28 Nov 1997; ATCM voice 1940, ATCM piano 1942.
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Flora Goulden

Flora (Henderson) Goulden (b Matheson). Violinist, teacher, b Winnipeg 25 May 1905, d Ottawa 4 Oct 1989; ATCM 1923. At 8 she was a soloist with the Winnipeg Symphony Orchestra.
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Flora Isabel MacDonald

Flora Isabel MacDonald, politician (born 3 June 1926 in North Sydney, NS; died 26 July 2015 in Ottawa, ON). Between 1956 and 1965 she worked at the Progressive CONSERVATIVE PARTY headquarters, where she was executive secretary for 5 years. She was then national secretary of the PC Assn 1966-69 while working at Queen's U.
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Flora MacDonald Denison

Flora MacDonald Denison (née Merrill), feminist, journalist, businesswoman (born 20 February 1867 in Hastings County, ON; died 23 May 1921 in Toronto, ON). Denison was an advocate for women’s suffrage and served as president of the Canadian Suffrage Association from 1911 to 1914. She is also known for establishing a retreat, which was inspired by the ideals of the poet Walt Whitman.
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Flordeliz Osler

Flordeliz (a.k.a. Gigi) Osler (née Sharma), FRCSC, senator, physician and educator (born 1968 in Winnipeg, MB). Dr. Osler is an Otolaryngology – Head and Neck surgeon (ENT) surgeon and has practiced in Winnipeg since 1998. She was the past president of the Canadian Medical Association, making her the first female surgeon and the first woman of colour to assume the role. Osler was appointed to the Canadian Senate in 2022, making her the second senator of Filipino descent and the first woman of Filipino heritage to sit in the Senate.
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Florence Bird

Florence Bayard Bird (née Rhein, pseudonym Anne Francis), CC, senator, journalist, broadcaster and author (born 15 January 1908 in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; died 18 July 1998 in Ottawa, Ontario). Chair of the Royal Commission on the Status of Women in Canada from 1967 to 1970, Florence Bird made her name as a broadcast journalist for CBC/Radio-Canada, reporting news and producing documentaries on women’s working conditions and on conditions for women in Canada’s prisons.
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