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Oronhyatekha (pronounced O-RON-ya-day-ga, meaning "Burning Sky" or “Burning Cloud”), also known as Peter Martin, a Kanyen'kehà:ka (Mohawk) medical doctor and businessman (born 10 August 1841 on the Six Nations of the Grand River reserve near Brantford, Canada West [now Ontario]; died 3 March 1907 in Savannah, Georgia, US). In 1867, Oronhyatekha became the second Indigenous person in Canada to earn a medical degree. Passionate about Indigenous issues, he was elected to the Grand General Indian Council of Ontario and Quebec in 1872, where he fought against the restrictive measures of the Indian Act. Oronhyatekha was also a businessman and, in 1881, headed the Independent Order of Foresters.

Laura Secord, née Ingersoll, Loyalist, mythologized historic figure (born 13 September 1775 in Great Barrington, Massachusetts; died 17 October 1868 in Chippawa [Niagara Falls], ON). During the War of 1812, Laura Secord walked 30 km from Queenston to Beaver Dams, near Thorold, Ontario, to warn British Lieutenant James FitzGibbon that the Americans were planning to attack his outpost. The story of her trek has become legendary, and Secord herself mythologized in Canadian history.

Dekanahwideh, "the Heavenly Messenger," reputed founder of the Five Nations Confederacy. He was said to have been born among the Huron of a virgin mother, and destined to bring peace and power to his people.

The Mohawks of Akwesasne, or “the land where the partridge drums,” is an Indigenous community located along the St. Lawrence River and bordering both Canada and the United States. The Great Lakes and St. Lawrence region has been inhabited by the Kanyen'kehà:ka (Mohawk) for centuries and the Akwesasne have remained strongly connected to the Haudenosaunee and Kanyen'kehà:ka culture.

The Mohawk Nation Council of Chiefs is the traditional government at Akwesasne, which includes chiefs, faith keepers, clan mothers and community members who sit with other Haudenosaunee nations on important matters.

As of February 2022, the registered population is 13,114 with the majority of members living on-reserve (10,106). The Mohawks of Akwesasne live on 4739.8 hectares of land south of Cornwall on Kawehnoke (Cornwall Island), several other small islands in the St. Lawrence River, and along the south shore of the St. Lawrence River.

The Seven Nations were Indigenous nations allied with the French and living on the réductions or reserves in the French area of settlement of New France (later Quebec). (See also Indigenous Peoples in Canada.)

The Oneida (Onyota’a:ka “People of the Standing Stone”) are an Indigenous nation in Canada. The Oneida are one the five original nations of the Haudenosaunee Confederacy. Historically, the Oneida occupied a village near Oneida Lake in New York state. They also occupy territory in southwestern Ontario. Oneida people live both on and off reserves. As of 2022, the Government of Canada reported 2,170 registered members of the Oneida community. (See also First Nations and Indigenous Peoples in Canada.)

James Peachey, painter, surveyor (probably b in Eng; d in Martinique? 24 Nov 1797). He was an officer in the British army, attached to the surveyor general of Canada, Samuel HOLLAND (around 1781), and the staff assigned to settle

The Haudenosaunee, or “people of the longhouse,” commonly referred to as Iroquois or Six Nations, are members of a confederacy of Aboriginal nations known as the Haudenosaunee Confederacy. Originally a confederacy of five nations inhabiting the northern part of New York state, the Haudenosaunee consisted of the Seneca, Cayuga, Oneida, Onondaga and Mohawk. When the Tuscarora joined the confederacy early in the 18th century, it became known as the Six Nations. Today, Haudenosaunee live on well-populated reserves — known as reservations in the United States — as well as in off-reserve communities.

Lance Isaacs, Mohawk athlete (born 1907 in the Six Nations of the Grand River First Nation, ON; died 23 July 1937 in Toronto, ON). Isaacs and his brothers Bill and Wade became some of Canada’s most outstanding lacrosse players.

Wilton (Bill) Isaacs, Mohawk athlete (born 18 March 1914 in the Six Nations of the Grand River First Nation, ON; died 27 December 1985 in Hamilton, ON). Isaacs became one of Canada’s most outstanding lacrosse players. He was a superstar of box lacrosse, the indoor version of the game, which was extremely popular in the 1930s and 1940s.

The Carignan-Salières Regiment was a regiment of French troops who were sent to New France from 1665 to 1667 to fight the Haudenosaunee (Iroquois). These professional soldiers, who had little experience with fighting in the woods, invaded the lands of the Haudenosaunee but did not succeed in defeating them. Nevertheless, the French show of force led to a peace accord in 1667. Though most of the French soldiers then went home, some stayed, married and settled in New France. Many of them married Filles du Roy and now have many descendants. Quebec municipalities such as Berthier, Chambly and Verchères still bear the names of officers of this regiment.

Kateri Tekakwitha or Tekaouïta (baptised Catherine), known as the Lily of the Mohawks, first North American Aboriginal person elevated to sainthood (born in 1656 at Ossernenon in Iroquois country, now Auriesville, NY; died 17 April 1680 at the St. Francis Xavier Mission at Sault St. Louis, New France, now Kahnawake).

The Crawford Purchase of 1783 is one of the oldest land agreements between British authorities and Indigenous peoples in Upper Canada (later Ontario). It resulted in a large tract of territory along the north shore of the upper St. Lawrence River and the eastern end of Lake Ontario being opened for settlement by displaced Loyalists and Indigenous peoples who fought for and supported Britain during the American Revolution. The Crawford Purchase is one of many agreements made during the late 18th and 19th centuries, known collectively as the Upper Canada Land Surrenders. (See also Treaties with Indigenous Peoples in Canada.)

The Commercial Empire of the St. Lawrence, 1760-1850, by D. G. Creighton, was published in Toronto, New Haven and London, 1937 (reprinted 1956 as The Empire of the St. Lawrence).

Before a national program of designating historic places was developed, the Government of Canada erected a monument commemorating the Battle of Crysler's Farm on the battlefield in 1895.

In 1976, the cairn was moved to the newly created Battle of Beaverdams Park in Thorold. Also moved to the park was a stone monument, erected in 1874, marking the grave of 16 American soldiers found during the construction of the third Welland Canal.

The Covenant Chain is the name given to the complex system of alliances between the Haudenosaunee (also known as the Six Nations and Iroquois League) and Anglo-American colonies originating in the early 17th century. The first alliances were most likely between New York and the Kanyen'kehà:ka (Mohawk). These early agreements were referred to figuratively as chains because they bound multiple parties together in alliance. Today the Covenant Chain represents the long tradition of diplomatic relations in North America, and is often invoked when discussing contemporary affairs between the state and Indigenous peoples. (See also Treaties with Indigenous Peoples in Canada.)

'The Red River Valley'. One of the best known folksongs in the prairie provinces. It is also widely known in the USA, where it was thought to be a Texas adaptation of an 1896 popular song, 'In the Bright Mohawk Valley.

In May 1983 Shilling was one of 7 Canadian artists invited by Governor General Edward Schreyer to show at Rideau Hall, Ottawa. His paintings are in many corporate and private collections throughout North America. His life is documented in the film The Beauty of My People (NFB, 1978).