Languages | The Canadian Encyclopedia

Browse "Languages"

Displaying 16-29 of 29 results
  • Macleans

    Language Law Decision in Quebec

    It began with equal French and English lettering on a store sign, escalated with a $75 fine under Quebec's language laws - and ended with a court victory for Gwen Simpson and Wally Hoffmann.This article was originally published in Maclean's Magazine on November 1, 1999

    "https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/images/tce_placeholder.jpg?v=e9dca980c9bdb3aa11e832e7ea94f5d9" // resources/views/front/categories/view.blade.php
    
    https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/images/tce_placeholder.jpg?v=e9dca980c9bdb3aa11e832e7ea94f5d9 Language Law Decision in Quebec
  • Article

    Language Policy in Canada

    Language policy is comprised of a body of theory, principles, laws, programs and measures designed to manage one or more languages in a country. In monolingual societies, language policy is usually concerned with promoting an approved, standardized grammar of the common language. In bilingual or multilingual societies, it is intended to manage situations in which two or more languages are in contact and/or conflict, and to enhance the use and status of certain languages over others. Language policy in Canada has been designed to manage historical relationships among multiple languages – notably French, English and Indigenous languages - and their various communities. While it has evolved over time, Canadian language policy has not always been marked by positive or just measures.

    "https://d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net/media/media/40e047e3-6acc-474f-b2c6-76d673b789bc.jpg" // resources/views/front/categories/view.blade.php
    
    https://d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net/media/media/40e047e3-6acc-474f-b2c6-76d673b789bc.jpg Language Policy in Canada
  • Article

    Languages in use in Canada

    Although French and English are Canada’s only two official languages, the country’s linguistic diversity is very rich. According to the 2016 census, an increased number of Canadians are reporting a mother tongue or language spoken at home other than English or French compared to in previous years. This is in addition to a large diversity of Indigenous languages.

    "https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/images/tce_placeholder.jpg?v=e9dca980c9bdb3aa11e832e7ea94f5d9" // resources/views/front/categories/view.blade.php
    
    https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/images/tce_placeholder.jpg?v=e9dca980c9bdb3aa11e832e7ea94f5d9 Languages in use in Canada
  • Article

    Michif

    Michif is a language spoken by Métis peoples mostly in parts of Manitoba, Saskatchewan, North Dakota and Montana. Michif is mainly a combination of Cree and French, but the language also borrows from English and other Indigenous languages, including Ojibwe. Michif is considered an endangered language. In 2021 Statistics Canada reported that 1,845 people identified as Michif speakers. While Michif is the most commonly spoken Métis language, it is not the only one; others include: French Cree, French Michif, Bungi and Brayet.

    "https://d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net/media/media/8422126e-7f18-4afa-bcb5-87c5f1e6825a.jpg" // resources/views/front/categories/view.blade.php
    
    https://d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net/media/media/8422126e-7f18-4afa-bcb5-87c5f1e6825a.jpg Michif
  • Article

    New Brunswick Schools Question

    In May 1871, the government of New Brunswick, under George Luther Hatheway, passed the Common Schools Act. This statute provided for free standardized education throughout the province, the establishment of new school districts, the construction of schools, and stricter requirements regarding teaching certificates. This law also made all schools non-denominational, so that the teaching of the Roman Catholic catechism was prohibited.

    "https://d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net/media/media/d005fd0d-1dd4-4978-ae03-8c60a004c777.JPG" // resources/views/front/categories/view.blade.php
    
    https://d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net/media/media/d005fd0d-1dd4-4978-ae03-8c60a004c777.JPG New Brunswick Schools Question
  • Article

    Office québécois de la langue française

    Created in 1961, the Office québécois de la langue française is a Québec public institution responsible for linguistic officialization, terminological recommendations and the francization of the language of work in both the public and the private sectors. Since 1977, it has been responsible for ensuring that the Charte de la langue française is complied with in Québec, and for monitoring the province’s language situation.

    "https://d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net/media/media/f1415842-0d04-4cea-b4a4-e8f7820fc5a9.jpg" // resources/views/front/categories/view.blade.php
    
    https://d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net/media/media/f1415842-0d04-4cea-b4a4-e8f7820fc5a9.jpg Office québécois de la langue française
  • Article

    Official Languages Act (1969)

    ​The Official Languages Act (1969) is the federal statute that made English and French the official languages of Canada. It requires all federal institutions to provide services in English or French on request. The Act was passed on the recommendation of the Royal Commission on Bilingualism and Biculturalism (established by Prime Minister Lester B. Pearson) and came into force on 7 September 1969. It created the Office of the Commissioner of Official Languages, which oversees its implementation.

    "https://d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net/media/Twitter_Cards/OLA 1.png" // resources/views/front/categories/view.blade.php
    
    https://d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net/media/Twitter_Cards/OLA 1.png Official Languages Act (1969)
  • Article

    Official Languages Act (1988)

    The Official Languages Act (1988) consolidates all of the changes made to the Official Languages Act of 1969, providing more detail and making them clearer within a new legislative framework. This version highlights the responsibilities of federal institutions with respect to the official languages (see also Language Policy in Canada). This is the full-length entry about the Official Languages Act of 1988. For a plain language summary, please see The Official Languages Act (1988) (Plain Language Summary).

    "https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/images/tce_placeholder.jpg?v=e9dca980c9bdb3aa11e832e7ea94f5d9" // resources/views/front/categories/view.blade.php
    
    https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/images/tce_placeholder.jpg?v=e9dca980c9bdb3aa11e832e7ea94f5d9 Official Languages Act (1988)
  • Education Guide

    Official Languages Act Education Guide

    This guide is an introduction to the Official Languages Act and the history of language policy in Canada. The 50th anniversary of Canada’s Official Languages Act (OLA) represents an opportunity to learn about the history that led to the Act, and its subsequent legacy.

    "https://d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net/media/education_guides/TCE-thumbnail.jpg" // resources/views/front/categories/view.blade.php
    
    https://d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net/media/education_guides/TCE-thumbnail.jpg Official Languages Act Education Guide
  • Article

    Ontario Schools Question

    The Ontario schools question was the first major schools issue to focus on language rather than religion. In Ontario, French or French-language education remained a contentious issue for nearly a century, from 1890 to 1980, with English-speaking Catholics and Protestants aligned against French-speaking Catholics.

    "https://d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net/media/media/0bbc7423-f097-4fac-8e20-9663a9419422.jpg" // resources/views/front/categories/view.blade.php
    
    https://d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net/media/media/0bbc7423-f097-4fac-8e20-9663a9419422.jpg Ontario Schools Question
  • Article

    Royal Commission on Bilingualism and Biculturalism

    One of the most influential commissions in Canadian history, the Royal Commission on Bilingualism and Biculturalism (1963–69) brought about sweeping changes to federal and provincial language policy. The commission was a response to the growing unrest among French Canadians in Quebec, who called for the protection of their language and culture, and opportunities to participate fully in political and economic decision making. The commission's findings led to changes in French education across the country, and the creation of the federal department of  multiculturalism and the Official Languages Act.

    "https://d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net/media/media/74f42cfb-9915-4a55-b62d-28b95a2c107f.jpg" // resources/views/front/categories/view.blade.php
    
    https://d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net/media/media/74f42cfb-9915-4a55-b62d-28b95a2c107f.jpg Royal Commission on Bilingualism and Biculturalism
  • Article

    Zed

    Zed is the name of the letter Z. The pronunciation zed is more commonly used in Canadian English than zee. English speakers in other Commonwealth countries also prefer the pronunciation zed. As zed is the British pronunciation and zee is chiefly American, zed represents one of the rare occasions in which most Canadians prefer the British to the American pronunciation. Use of zee is often stigmatized among Canadian English speakers, which is likely the reason why zee has not taken root as quickly as other influences from American English.

    "https://d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net/media/media/bba69356-805d-4743-9183-fb7af3195266.png" // resources/views/front/categories/view.blade.php
    
    https://d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net/media/media/bba69356-805d-4743-9183-fb7af3195266.png Zed
  • "https://i9.ytimg.com/vi/lIVMh97mHxw/mq3.jpg?sqp=COzEk_QF&rs=AOn4CLA3-mLmGmrDIaAR3Q7d36ZJul7IOQ" // resources/views/front/categories/view.blade.php
    
    https://i9.ytimg.com/vi/lIVMh97mHxw/mq3.jpg?sqp=COzEk_QF&rs=AOn4CLA3-mLmGmrDIaAR3Q7d36ZJul7IOQ The Official Languages Act
  • "https://i9.ytimg.com/vi/9XaIO1I4K9k/mq2.jpg?sqp=CMPvnPQF&rs=AOn4CLDUaSw3c2dk1rZoMXldVsBTe99ISA" // resources/views/front/categories/view.blade.php
    
    https://i9.ytimg.com/vi/9XaIO1I4K9k/mq2.jpg?sqp=CMPvnPQF&rs=AOn4CLDUaSw3c2dk1rZoMXldVsBTe99ISA The Battle of the Hatpins