Diverse Communities | The Canadian Encyclopedia

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  • Article

    Traditional Plants and Indigenous Peoples in Canada

    Indigenous peoples in what is now Canada collectively used over a 1,000 different plants for food, medicine, materials, and in cultural rituals and mythology. Many of these species, ranging from algae to conifers and flowering plants, remain important to Indigenous communities today. This knowledge of plants and their uses has allowed Indigenous peoples to thrive in Canada’s diverse environments. Many traditional uses of plants have evolved to be used in modern life by Indigenous and non-Indigenous peoples alike. (See also Indigenous Peoples’ Medicine in Canada.)

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    https://d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net/media/new_article_images/WildBerries/9342749963_6006fba520_z.jpg Traditional Plants and Indigenous Peoples in Canada

  • Article

    Polish Music in Canada

    The first Polish settlement in Canada was established by Kashubian peasants in the early 1860s in Renfrew County, south of Pembroke, Ont. In 1875 a Polish parish was organized and a church built at the place which became the village of Wilno in the 1880s.

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    https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/images/tce_placeholder.jpg?v=e9dca980c9bdb3aa11e832e7ea94f5d9 Polish Music in Canada

  • Article

    Portuguese Music in Canada

    Although some Newfoundland place-names bear witness to early visits and Spanish-Portuguese traditions have survived in a Montreal synagogue, the Portuguese community in Canada did not begin to grow until 1953 when immigrants, largely from Madeira, were sponsored by the Canadian government as agricultural workers in Ontario.

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    https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/images/tce_placeholder.jpg?v=e9dca980c9bdb3aa11e832e7ea94f5d9 Portuguese Music in Canada

  • Article

    Potlatch

    The potlatch (from the Chinook word Patshatl) is a ceremony integral to the governing structure, culture and spiritual traditions of various First Nations living on the Northwest Coast and in parts of the interior western subarctic. It primarily functions to redistribute wealth, confer status and rank upon individuals, kin groups and clans, and to establish claims to names, powers and rights to hunting and fishing territories.

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  • Article

    Powwow Dances

    ​Powwow dances are beautiful expressions of Indigenous spirituality, history and culture.

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  • Article

    Powwow Music

    Music is a central feature at powwows, as all powwow activities revolve around the beat of the drum and the sounds of the singers’ voices. 

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    https://d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net/media/media/da9de904-834e-4aca-b3c6-8333c48235a7.jpg Powwow Music

  • Article

    Queer Culture

    ​While lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender (LGBT) Canadians have always been engaged in artistic discourse, it was only in the 1960s and 1970s that alternative sexualities were openly portrayed in ways that directly challenged the mainstream establishment.

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  • Article

    Queer Theatre in Toronto

    ​When I founded Buddies in Bad Times Theatre in 1979, I was fresh out of theatre school. 

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  • Article

    Russian Music in Canada

    The largest of the 15 Union Republics that until 1991 made up the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics.

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    https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/images/tce_placeholder.jpg?v=e9dca980c9bdb3aa11e832e7ea94f5d9 Russian Music in Canada

  • Article

    Central Coast Salish

    Central Coast Salish peoples historically occupied and continue to reside in territories around the Lower Fraser Valley and on southeast Vancouver Island in Canada. They include the Squamish, Klallum, Halkomelem and Northern Straits peoples.

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    https://d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net/media/media/a026c04c-3499-4f8d-b8cb-9e9cd56fd312.jpg Central Coast Salish

  • Article

    Tsuut’ina (Sarcee)

    The Tsuut’ina (Sarcee) are a Dene (or Athabaskan) First Nation whose reserve borders the southwestern city limits of Calgary, Alberta. The name "Sarcee" is believed to have originated from a Siksikáí’powahsin (Blackfoot language) word meaning boldness and hardiness. The Sarcee people call themselves Tsuut’ina (also Tsuu T'ina and Tsúùt'ínà), translated literally as "many people" or "every one (in the Nation)."

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    https://d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net/32779601916_7724a5c6f6_o.jpg Tsuut’ina (Sarcee)

  • Article

    Shaking Tent

    Shaking Tent rite was widespread among the Ojibwa, Innu (Montagnais-Naskapi), Cree, Penobscot and Abenaki and involved the shamanistic use of a special cylindrical lodge or tent.

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    https://d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net/media/media/e964b6ce-0733-4278-ab5a-ca888c129228.jpg Shaking Tent

  • Article

    Music at the Shaw Festival

    The festival acquired the Royal George Theatre in 1980 and, with an ongoing refurbishing program, has transformed it into a small Edwardian opera house, the site (with the exception of 1990) of annual productions of operetta or musical theatre.

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    https://d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net/media/media/080ed0b7-adb1-4264-97f9-d888d132d81e.jpg Music at the Shaw Festival

  • Article

    South Asian Canadians

    South Asians trace their origins to South Asia or the Indian subcontinent, which can include India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Afghanistan, Nepal, Bhutan, Sri Lanka and the Maldives. Most South Asian Canadians are immigrants or descendants of immigrants from these countries, but immigrants from South Asian communities established during British colonial times also include those from East and South Africa, Guyana, Trinidad and Tobago, Fiji and Mauritius. Others come from Britain, the US and Europe. In the 2021 census, 2.6 million Canadians (7.1 per cent) identified as being South Asian.

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  • Article

    Sterilization of Indigenous Women in Canada

    The practice of sterilization arose out of the eugenics movement and has a long, often hidden history in Canada. Sterilization legislation in Alberta (1928–72) and British Columbia (1933–73) attempted to limit the reproduction of “unfit” persons, and increasingly targeted Indigenous women. Coerced sterilization of Indigenous women took place both within and outside existing legislation, and in federally operated Indian hospitals. The practice has continued into the 21st century. Approximately 100 Indigenous women have alleged that they were pressured to consent to sterilization between the 1970s and 2018, often while in the vulnerable state of pregnancy or childbirth.

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    https://d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net/Nikawiy Nitanis.png Sterilization of Indigenous Women in Canada