New France | The Canadian Encyclopedia

Browse "New France"

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  • Article

    Louis-Hector de Callière

    Louis-Hector de Callière, governor general of New France 1699-1703 (b at Thorigny-sur-Vire, France 12 Nov 1648; d at Québec 26 May 1703). From the Norman nobility and aided by a brother who was private secretary to Louis XIV, Callière impressed his superiors as an able commander at Montréal 1684-98.

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    https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/images/tce_placeholder.jpg?v=e9dca980c9bdb3aa11e832e7ea94f5d9 Louis-Hector de Callière
  • Article

    Louis Jolliet

    Louis Jolliet, explorer, cartographer, king’s hydrographer, fur trader, seigneur, organist, teacher (baptized 21 September 1645 in Québec City; died between 4 May and 18 Oct 1700 likely near Île d'Anticosti).

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    https://d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net/media/media/2dc62fed-c7a6-4a34-a2ba-15665a1fe30b.jpg Louis Jolliet
  • Article

    Louis-Joseph, Marquis de Montcalm

    Louis-Joseph, Marquis de Montcalm, Lieutenant General in the French forces in New France (born 28 February 1712 near Nîmes, France; died 14 September 1759 in Quebec City, Canada). A career soldier, he served in many campaigns in Europe before coming to fight in North America during the Seven Years’ War. He directed the defence of Quebec City in the summer of 1759 during the siege by British Major General James Wolfe, which culminated in the Battle of the Plains of Abraham.

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    https://d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net/media/new_article_images/PlainsofAbraham/26037417573_63169549b9_o.jpg Louis-Joseph, Marquis de Montcalm
  • Article

    Louis-Joseph Gaultier de La Vérendrye

    Louis-Joseph Gaultier de La Vérendrye, explorer, cartographer, fur trader, military officer (born 9 November 1717 at Île aux Vaches, Quebec (New France); died at sea off the coast of Cape Breton 15 November 1761). Known by his title Chevalier, the youngest son of Pierre Gaultier de Varennes et de la Vérendrye led the first European exploration across the Missouri River into the Great Plains. He served New France in the War of the Austrian Succession and the Seven Years' War.

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    https://d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net/media/media/e79f20a3-2d9e-4d31-8ea5-54192e37171c.jpg Louis-Joseph Gaultier de La Vérendrye
  • Article

    Louis Nicolas

    Louis Nicolas, Jesuit missionary (b at Aubenas, France, 15 Aug 1634 - ?). Louis Nicolas joined the Compagnie de Jésus in Toulouse in 1654, and arrived in Canada in 1664 on the same boat as Jeanne MANCE.

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    https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/images/tce_placeholder.jpg?v=e9dca980c9bdb3aa11e832e7ea94f5d9 Louis Nicolas
  • Article

    Louis-Olivier Gamache

    Louis-Olivier Gamache, sailor, merchant (born in 1784 in L’Islet, Quebec; died September 1854 on Île d'Anticosti, Quebec). Gamache lived on Île d'Anticosti at the mouth of the St. Lawrence River and his exploits, either true or legend, became part of the region’s oral tradition. He is said to have joined the British navy and many years later, returned to Quebec to settle on Île d'Anticosti where he was a merchant and, according to legend, a dangerous pirate. Some accounts also allege that Gamache demonstrated supernatural powers and had a personal relationship with the devil.

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    https://d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net/Anticosti.jpg Louis-Olivier Gamache
  • Article

    Louis XIV

    King Louis XIV, king of France (born 5 September 1638 in Saint-Germain-en-Laye, France; died 1 September 1715 in Versailles, France). Louis XIV was the longest-reigning monarch in European and Canadian history, serving as the king of France for 72 years (from 1643 to 1715) — nearly two years longer than the 70-year reign of Queen Elizabeth II. In 1663, Louis XIV assumed direct control of New France as a Crown Colony, sponsoring increased immigration (see Filles du Roi), regulating the fur trade and creating a stronger French military presence in the region (see Carignan-Salières Regiment). Despite these efforts, Louis XIV’s military and diplomatic endeavours — including repeated wars with the Haudenosaunee (Iroquois), as well as the War of the Spanish Succession and the Treaty of Utrecht — shifted the balance of power in North America. This created the eventual conditions for the British conquest of New France with the support of the Iroquois during the Seven Years’ War of 1756–63.

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    https://d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net/LouisXIV/Louis_XIV.jpg Louis XIV
  • Editorial

    Paul Chomedey de Maisonneuve, Jeanne Mance and the Founding of Montreal

    The following article is an editorial written by The Canadian Encyclopedia staff. Editorials are not usually updated. Radiant sunshine bathed the Island of Montreal on the morning of May 18th, 1642. The hawthorns and wild cherry trees were in blossom and the meadow, where a group of French colonists had set up an altar, was dotted with trilliums and violets. Father Vimont celebrated mass, and declared that the new settlement, which they called Ville-Marie, was "only a grain of mustard seed... I have no doubt that this small seed will produce a tall tree that will bring forth wonders some day."

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    https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/images/tce_placeholder.jpg?v=e9dca980c9bdb3aa11e832e7ea94f5d9 Paul Chomedey de Maisonneuve, Jeanne Mance and the Founding of Montreal
  • Article

    Martin Boutet

    Martin Boutet, (Sieur de Saint-Martin). Choirmaster, violinist, teacher, soldier, tailor, carpenter, b Sceaux, France, ca 1617, d Quebec City ca 1686. He enlisted 7 Apr 1643 at La Rochelle to serve for three years in Canada as a soldier and labourer.

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    https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/images/tce_placeholder.jpg?v=e9dca980c9bdb3aa11e832e7ea94f5d9 Martin Boutet
  • Article

    Mathieu Da Costa

    Mathieu Da Costa (depending on the language of the documents that mention his name, also known as “Mateus Da Costa,” “Mathieu de Coste,” “Matheus de Cost” and “een Swart genamd Matheu”), interpreter (dates and places of birth and death unknown). Da Costa is one of the most fascinating and elusive figures in the early history of Canada. Historians consider him the first Black person known to have visited Canada, probably in the company of Pierre Dugua de Mons and Samuel de Champlain). (See also Black Canadians; African Canadians.) But many aspects of his life remain unclear or unknown.

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    https://d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net/media/media/122b2db3-8b90-411b-97f2-6c1c1390feef.jpg Mathieu Da Costa
  • Article

    Michel Bégon de La Picardière

    Michel Bégon de La Picardière, INTENDANT of New France 1712-26 (b at Blois, France 21 Mar 1667; d at La Picardière, France 18 Jan 1747). When he arrived, the economy of New France was suffering from

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    https://d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net/media/media/f1733c26-ebb9-45c6-be6b-aecf8c7a9503.jpg Michel Bégon de La Picardière
  • Article

    Paul de Chomedey, Sieur de Maisonneuve

    Paul de Chomedey, Sieur de Maisonneuve, French governor, military officer (born 13 February 1612 in Neuville-sur-Vanne, France; died 9 September 1676 in Paris). Along with Jeanne Mance, he is considered the co-founder of Ville-Marie, the French colonial outpost that grew to become Montreal. Maisonneuve was also the first Governor of Montreal.

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    https://d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net/Maisonneuve_Place_darmes.jpg Paul de Chomedey, Sieur de Maisonneuve
  • Article

    Philippe de Rigaud de Vaudreuil, Marquis de Vaudreuil

    Philippe de Rigaud de Vaudreuil, Marquis de Vaudreuil, governor general of New France 1703-25 (b probably near Revel, France c 1643; d at Québec C 10 Oct 1725). Vaudreuil served in the French army with the Mousquetaires from 1672 and distinguished himself in campaigns in Flanders.

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    https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/images/tce_placeholder.jpg?v=e9dca980c9bdb3aa11e832e7ea94f5d9 Philippe de Rigaud de Vaudreuil, Marquis de Vaudreuil
  • Article

    Pierre Boucher

    Pierre Boucher, interpreter, soldier, seigneur (bap at Mortagne, France 1 Aug 1622; d at Boucherville 19 Apr 1717).

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    https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/images/tce_placeholder.jpg?v=e9dca980c9bdb3aa11e832e7ea94f5d9 Pierre Boucher
  • Article

    Pierre de Rigaud de Vaudreuil de Cavagnial

    Pierre de Rigaud de Vaudreuil de Cavagnial, Marquis de Vaudreuil, (sometimes Vaudreuil-Cavagnial), officer, last governor general of New France 1755–60 (born in Québec, New-France on 22 November 1698; died in Paris, France 4 August 1778). He was the governor of New France during the Seven Years’ War and the British Conquest of New France. Following the capture of Quebec by British forces, Vaudreuil signed the capitulation of Montreal and New France in 1760.

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    https://d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net/media/media/c147538k-v6.jpg Pierre de Rigaud de Vaudreuil de Cavagnial