International Affairs | The Canadian Encyclopedia

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  • Article

    Canada and the G7 (Group of Seven)

    The G7, or Group of Seven, is an international group comprising the governments of the world’s largest economies: Germany, France, Italy, Japan, the United Kingdom, the United States and Canada. It was founded as the G6 in 1975 and became the G7 with the addition of Canada in 1976. The Group is an informal bloc; it has no treaty or constitution and no permanent offices, staff or secretariat. The leaders of the member states meet at annual summits to discuss issues of mutual concern and to coordinate actions to address them. The meeting location and the organization’s presidency rotates among the members. The European Union is also a non-enumerated member, though it never assumes the rotating presidency.

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    https://d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net/media/new_article_images/G7/G7_summit_at_Shimakan.jpg Canada and the G7 (Group of Seven)
  • Editorial

    Canada and the G-8

    The following article is an editorial written by The Canadian Encyclopedia staff. Editorials are not usually updated. Eight statesmen, scores of aides, hundreds of press, and thousands of security personnel will all descend on Kananaskis, Alberta, in late June 2002. For the fourth time since 1976, but the first time in Western Canada, a Canadian prime minister will be hosting the G-8 leaders summit.

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  • Article

    General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT)

    The General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) was an international trade agreement. It was signed by 23 nations, including Canada, in 1947 and came into effect on 1 January 1948. It was refined over eight rounds of negotiations, which led to the creation of the World Trade Organization (WTO). It replaced the GATT on 1 January 1995. The GATT was focused on trade in goods. It aimed to liberalize trade by reducing tariffs and removing quotas among member countries. Each member of the GATT was expected to open its markets equally to other member nations, removing trade discrimination. The agreements negotiated through GATT reduced average tariffs on industrial goods from 40 per cent (1947) to less than five per cent (1993). It was an early step towards economic globalization.

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    https://d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net/media/media/397c53e8-7226-4f88-8181-2fc0d8fa3680.jpg General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT)
  • Article

    General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) (Plain-Language Summary)

    The General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) was an international trade agreement. It was signed by 23 nations, including Canada, in 1947. It came into effect on 1 January 1948. It also led to the creation of the World Trade Organization (WTO) in 1995. The GATT was focused on trade in goods. It aimed to reduce tariffs and remove quotas among member countries. The GATT helped reduce average tariffs from 40 per cent in 1947 to less than five per cent in 1993. The GATT was an early step toward globalization. The WTO replaced the GATT on 1 January 1995. This article is a plain-language summary of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT). If you are interested in reading about this topic in more depth, please see our full-length entry: General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT).

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    https://d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net/media/media/56003d5b-0a71-405a-8a17-f397815e78a0.jpg General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) (Plain-Language Summary)
  • Article

    Genocide

    Genocide is the intentional destruction of a particular group through killing, serious physical or mental harm, preventing births and/or forcibly transferring children to another group. The Canadian government has formally recognized certain instances of genocide abroad, including the Armenian genocide, the Holodomor, the Holocaust, the Rwandan genocide, the ethnic cleansing in Bosnia, the Uyghur genocide and the Rohingya genocide. Within Canada, some historians, legal scholars and activists have claimed that the historical, intergenerational and present treatment of Indigenous peoples are acts of genocide.

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  • Article

    Geopolitics

    Geopolitics refers to a strategy for national identity and development based on a country's geographical characteristics and natural resources.

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  • Macleans

    Greenhouse Gas Emissions Accord (Nov97 Updates)

    Standing in the back of the room, Louise Comeau didn't even attempt to hide her anger.This article was originally published in Maclean's Magazine on November 24, 1997

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    https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/images/tce_placeholder.jpg?v=e9dca980c9bdb3aa11e832e7ea94f5d9 Greenhouse Gas Emissions Accord (Nov97 Updates)
  • Macleans

    Halifax on Eve of G-7 Summit

    Go at daybreak, when the morning fog still cools the air.This article was originally published in Maclean's Magazine on June 19, 1995

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  • Macleans

    Halifax Summit

    It is a source of pride to Prime Minister Jean Chrétien that more than 30 years after he first entered politics, time has not altered his fondness for blunt talk - even in the most exclusive gatherings.This article was originally published in Maclean's Magazine on June 26, 1995

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  • Article

    Hans Island

    Hans Island, Nunavut, is a tiny (1.2 km2), unpopulated island south of the 81st parallel in the Kennedy Channel (the northern part of Nares Strait), almost equidistant between Ellesmere Island and Greenland. The Greenlandic word for the island is Tartupaluk. (Greenlandic is a language spoken by Greenland Inuit.) For decades, both Canada and Denmark claimed ownership of the island. On 14 June 2022, however, the two countries settled the dispute, dividing the island roughly equally between them. (See also Canadian Arctic Sovereignty.)

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  • Macleans

    Havana Patiently Awaits Change

    WE ARE STANDING on Raúl Rivero's tiny balcony, smoking pungent Cuban cigarettes, watching the sun set over the dilapidated rooftops of El Cerro, a central, working-class neighbourhood in Havana.This article was originally published in Maclean's Magazine on May 5, 2003

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  • Macleans

    Holland Tightens Drug Laws

    This article was originally published in Maclean's Magazine on June 3, 1996. Partner content is not updated.There is still the Van Gogh museum, of course. And plenty of tourists stroll along the canals of the red-light district, giggling at the windows of sex for sale and the dulled Asian hookers who barely lick their lips in return.

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  • Macleans

    Hong Kong Handover

    For once, even the glittering neon splendor of Hong Kong's Nathan Road shopping mecca will be eclipsed.This article was originally published in Maclean's Magazine on July 1, 1997

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  • Macleans

    Human Smugglers

    "Eightball" pulls back his long black hair, adjusts his balaclava and peers across the St. Lawrence River through his night-vision binoculars.This article was originally published in Maclean's Magazine on November 22, 1999

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  • Macleans

    Human Smuggling

    The glare of a lightbulb dangling from the ceiling of his decrepit basement room casts a harsh light on the young illegal's life. A beetle scurries from under a mattress on the floor beneath a grimy window.

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