Animals | The Canadian Encyclopedia

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  • Article

    Fluke

    Fluke, see FLATWORM.

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  • Article

    Fly

    Adult flies have sucking or piercing mouth parts and lack the mandibles with which other insects bite food. Many so called "biting flies" (eg, horseflies, mosquitoes, no-see-ums, black flies, stable flies, tse-tse flies) feed on VERTEBRATE blood.

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  • Article

    Four Major Insect Pests of Forests in Canada

    Many insects are considered pests to Canada’s forests, meaning they cause significant ecological or economic damage to forest ecosystems. These species can injure trees in various ways, including boring through wood, eating leaves, and introducing pathogens to trees. These stressors can cause economic damage by reducing the amount of wood fibre that can be harvested and can sometimes negatively impact the ecosystem. While some of these pests have been recently introduced to Canadian forests from other parts of the globe, the majority of insect forest pests in Canada are native species. Under ordinary conditions, these species are natural sources of disturbance and diversity that can help to maintain healthy forests over long periods. However, human-mediated factors such as climate change, the introduction of non-native species, and biodiversity loss have more recently worsened the impacts that certain species can have on Canadian forests. Below is a list of just a few of the many such insects impacting Canadian forests, along with the estimated area of forest, in hectares, that a population outbreak defoliated or killed as well as the year that outbreak occurred.

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    https://d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net/insectpestsofforests/forest-tent-caterpillar.jpg Four Major Insect Pests of Forests in Canada

  • Article

    Fowler's Toad

    The Fowler’s toad (Anaxyrus fowleri) is a medium-sized, earthen-coloured toad that is native to Eastern North America. In Canada, Fowler’s toads are only found in a few small areas along the north shore of Lake Erie. This species lives in places with sandy or gravelly soils into which individuals can burrow; Fowler’s toads spend much of their time underground. Due to small and declining populations, the Fowler’s toad is endangered in Canada.

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  • Article

    Fox

       The fox is a small, carnivorous MAMMAL of the DOG family. Four species inhabit Canada: red or coloured, swift, grey, and Arctic foxes (Vulpes vulpes, V. velox, Urocyon cinereoargenteus, Alopex lagopus, respectively).

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  • Article

    Frog Species in Canada

    Frogs are amphibians belonging to the order Anura. Worldwide, frogs are the most numerous group of amphibians, with more than 5,000 living species. They are found on all continents except Antarctica. There are 24 species of frog currently found in Canada. In addition, one species, the Blanchard’s cricket frog, is extirpated. This means that, while it continues to live in other parts of its range, it is no longer found in Canada. Five of Canada’s frog species are toads, which are frogs belonging to the family Bufonidae. While most frog species in Canada are found in the southern reaches of the country, a few, for example the boreal chorus frog, have ranges extending into Yukon and the Northwest Territories, and in the case of the wood frog, Nunavut.

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    https://d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net/FrogSpeciesInCanada/AmericanBullfrog.jpg Frog Species in Canada

  • Article

    Gallinule

    Gallinule is a common name for some marsh-dwelling birds of the rail family (Rallidae), now also known as moorhens.

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  • Article

    Game Bird

    Game bird is not a scientific term, but refers to any bird that is hunted. There are 2 categories in Canada, migratory and nonmigratory. 

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  • Article

    Gannet

    The gannet, or northern gannet (Sula bassanus) is a large, long-winged seabird, white except for conspicuous black wing tips and yellowish tinged head.

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  • Article

    Gar

    Gar, large, slender, thick-scaled, predatory fish of family Lepisosteidae, order Semionotiformes, class Actinopterygii. Gars are found in fresh waters of eastern N America, Central America and Cuba, occasionally in brackish water and, rarely, in the sea.

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  • Article

    Common Gartersnake

    The common gartersnake (Thamnophis sirtalis) is a relatively small, striped, non-venomous snake. It is one of the most widespread snake species in North America and its range extends farther north than any other North American snake. In Canada, it is found in every province except Newfoundland and Labrador, and as far north as James Bay and into the southernmost Northwest Territories. The common gartersnake is broken into five subspecies across Canada: the Maritime gartersnake (Thamnophis s. pallidulus; PEI, NS, NB, QC), the Eastern gartersnake (Thamnophis s. sirtalis; QC, ON), the red-sided gartersnake (Thamnophis s. parietalis; ON, MB, SK, AB, BC, NWT), the valley gartersnake (Thamnophis s. fitchi; BC), and the Puget Sound gartersnake (Thamnophis s. pickeringii; BC).

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  • Article

    Goldeye

    The goldeye (Hiodon alosoides) [Lat alosoides, "shadlike"] is a relatively small, opportunistic foraging freshwater fish of the family Hiodontidae (order Osteoglossiformes). 

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  • Article

    Goose

    The goose is a member of a widespread group of waterfowl ranging in size from the giant Canada goose to the diminutive cackling goose.

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  • Article

    Grasshopper

    Grasshopper is the common name for straight-winged insects which, together with locusts, make up the order Orthoptera.

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  • Article

    Gray Treefrog

    The gray treefrog (Dryophytes versicolor, synonym Hyla versicolor) is a small to medium-sized treefrog native to Central and Northeastern North America. In Canada, they are found in New Brunswick, Quebec, Ontario, Manitoba and a small part of Eastern Saskatchewan. Gray treefrogs are well camouflaged; the scientific name versicolor means “changing colour” and refers to the frog’s ability to make their skin lighter or darker. Gray treefrogs have one of the loudest calls of any North American frog.

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    https://d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net/graytreefrog/Crowley-Gray-Treefrog-Hyla-versicolor-9.jpg Gray Treefrog