Communities & Sociology | The Canadian Encyclopedia

Browse "Communities & Sociology"

Displaying 466-480 of 690 results
  • Article

    Sheila Na Geira

    According to legend, Sheila Na Geira (also spelled NaGeira and Nagira) was an Irish aristocrat or princess who, 300 or 400 years ago, while travelling between France and Ireland, was captured by a Dutch warship and then rescued by British privateers. She fell in love and was married to one of the privateers, Lieutenant Gilbert Pike. They settled at western Conception Bay. By the early 20th century, the legend was being told as part of Newfoundland’s oral tradition, and has since been popularized by poems, novels, scholarly articles and several plays.

    "https://d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net/dreamstime_resize_33120989-2.jpg" // resources/views/front/categories/view.blade.php
    
    https://d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net/dreamstime_resize_33120989-2.jpg Sheila Na Geira
  • Article

    Prohibition in Canada

    Prohibition in Canada came about as a result of the temperance movement. It called for moderation or total abstinence from alcohol, based on the belief that drinking was responsible for many of society’s ills. The Canada Temperance Act (Scott Act) of 1878 gave local governments the “local option” to ban the sale of alcohol. Prohibition was first enacted on a provincial basis in Prince Edward Island in 1901. It became law in the remaining provinces, as well as in Yukon and Newfoundland, during the First World War. Liquor could be legally produced in Canada (but not sold there) and legally exported out of Canadian ports. Most provincial laws were repealed in the 1920s. PEI was the last to give up the “the noble experiment” in 1948.  

    "https://d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net/media/media/c0f20001-e566-4ebf-9c88-f1a5ae278291.jpg" // resources/views/front/categories/view.blade.php
    
    https://d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net/media/media/c0f20001-e566-4ebf-9c88-f1a5ae278291.jpg Prohibition in Canada
  • Article

    Propaganda in Canada

    Propaganda refers to messaging that aims to spread or “propagate” an ideology or worldview. Psychologists have described propaganda as “manipulative persuasion in the service of an agenda” or communications that “induce the individual to follow non-rational emotional drives.” During the First World War, propaganda was used to recruit soldiers and supporters. The Second World War saw it take a dark turn toward using outright lies to spread hateful ideologies and practices. (See also Fake News a.k.a. Disinformation.) During the Cold War, governments in the West and East used propaganda to try to spread the ideologies of capitalism and democracy, or communism and the Soviet Union. Today, propaganda is most often found on social media; it is used to marshal support for, or opposition to, various political, economic and social movements.

    "https://d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net/media/new_article_images/Propaganda/492px-Canada_WWI_Victory_Bonds2.jpg" // resources/views/front/categories/view.blade.php
    
    https://d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net/media/new_article_images/Propaganda/492px-Canada_WWI_Victory_Bonds2.jpg Propaganda in Canada
  • Article

    Prostitution

    Prostitution is the practice of exchanging sexual services for money, or for other needs. Although prostitution itself has never been a crime in Canada, communicating and other activities relating to the exchange have been prohibited.

    "https://d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net/media/media/7ac02b0f-118b-4ccb-b6dc-81f218b68954.jpg" // resources/views/front/categories/view.blade.php
    
    https://d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net/media/media/7ac02b0f-118b-4ccb-b6dc-81f218b68954.jpg Prostitution
  • Article

    Protestantism

    When a carefully engineered Catholic majority voted down certain reforms at the Diet of Speyer in Germany in 1529, the defeated minority earned the name "Protestant," derived from the Latin phrase meaning "to testify in favour of something.

    "https://d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net/media/media/30714712-4e41-49c8-b7a6-da44f6fb0b80.jpg" // resources/views/front/categories/view.blade.php
    
    https://d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net/media/media/30714712-4e41-49c8-b7a6-da44f6fb0b80.jpg Protestantism
  • Article

    Province of Canada (1841-67)

    In 1841, Britain united the colonies of Upper and Lower Canada into the Province of Canada. This was in response to the violent rebellions of 1837–38. The Durham Report (1839) recommended the guidelines to create the new colony with the Act of Union. The Province of Canada was made up of Canada West (formerly Upper Canada) and Canada East (formerly Lower Canada). The two regions were governed jointly until the Province was dissolved to make way for Confederation in 1867. Canada West then became Ontario and Canada East became Quebec. The Province of Canada was a 26-year experiment in anglophone-francophone political cooperation. During this time, responsible government came to British North America and expanded trade and commerce brought wealth to the region. Leaders such as Sir John A. Macdonald, Sir George-Étienne Cartier and George Brown emerged and Confederation was born. (This is the full-length entry about the Province of Canada. For a plain language summary, please see Province of Canada (Plain Language Summary).)

    "https://d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net/media/media/dcae055f-192e-4de7-b004-4a70146eca56.jpg" // resources/views/front/categories/view.blade.php
    
    https://d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net/media/media/dcae055f-192e-4de7-b004-4a70146eca56.jpg Province of Canada (1841-67)
  • Article

    Quebec Act, 1774

    The Quebec Act received royal assent on 22 June 1774. It revoked the Royal Proclamation of 1763, which had aimed to assimilate the French-Canadian population under English rule. The Quebec Act was put into effect on 1 May 1775. It was passed to gain the loyalty of the French-speaking majority of the Province of Quebec. Based on recommendations from Governors James Murray and Guy Carleton, the Act guaranteed the freedom of worship and restored French property rights. However, the Act had dire consequences for Britain’s North American empire. Considered one of the five “Intolerable Acts” by the Thirteen American Colonies, the Quebec Act was one of the direct causes of the American Revolutionary War (1775–83). It was followed by the Constitutional Act in 1791. This is the full-length entry about the Quebec Act of 1774. For a plain language summary, please see The Quebec Act, 1774 (Plain-Language Summary).

    "https://d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net/media/media/bcf0dcc3-ce34-4098-8543-00bcccbaabe0.jpg" // resources/views/front/categories/view.blade.php
    
    https://d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net/media/media/bcf0dcc3-ce34-4098-8543-00bcccbaabe0.jpg Quebec Act, 1774
  • Article

    Quebec as a Distinct Society

    The concept of “distinct society” distinguishes Quebec from English Canada. This concept originated during the Quiet Revolution, at a time when French Canada came to no longer be seen as a single entity, but as a collection of regional francophone communities. It is found in the 1965 preliminary report of the Royal Commission on Bilingualism and Biculturalism shared by Laurendeau and Dunton. It was subsequently used on a number of occasions, notably during the negotiation of the Meech Lake Accord (1987–90). Today, the concept of “distinct society” continues to be used in debates regarding various political, social and cultural issues.

    "https://d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net/media/media/98975740-c322-469b-9fe0-d603876f072d.png" // resources/views/front/categories/view.blade.php
    
    https://d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net/media/media/98975740-c322-469b-9fe0-d603876f072d.png Quebec as a Distinct Society
  • Article

    Quebec Biker War (1994–2002)

    The Quebec Biker War was an almost decade-long territorial conflict between two outlaw motorcycle gangs in Quebec: the Hells Angels and the Rock Machine. The war centred on control over the narcotics trade in Quebec. It was also driven by intense rivalries and deep-seated animosities between major figures in Quebec’s criminal underworld. (See Organized Crime.) The conflict involved over 80 bombings, some 130 cases of arson and 20 disappearances. More than 160 people were killed and over 200 were injured, including many innocent bystanders.

    "https://d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net/media/Hells_Angels_Quebec_-_Nomads.svg.png" // resources/views/front/categories/view.blade.php
    
    https://d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net/media/Hells_Angels_Quebec_-_Nomads.svg.png Quebec Biker War (1994–2002)
  • Article

    Quebec Film History: 1970 to 1989

    This entry presents an overview of Québec cinema, from the burgeoning of a distinctly Québec cinema in the 1970s, to the production explosion that followed Denys Arcand’s Le déclin de l’empire américain (1986). It highlights the most important films, whether in terms of box office success or international acclaim, and covers both narrative features and documentaries. It also draws attention to an aspect of filmmaking that still has difficulty finding its place: women's cinema.

    "https://d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net/media/media/aa8cc00a-320d-4447-bb88-20c45fede6e0.jpg" // resources/views/front/categories/view.blade.php
    
    https://d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net/media/media/aa8cc00a-320d-4447-bb88-20c45fede6e0.jpg Quebec Film History: 1970 to 1989
  • Article

    Quebec Film History: 1990 to Present

    This entry presents an overview of Quebec cinema, from the explosion that followed Denys Arcand’s Le déclin de l’empire américain (1986) to the setback that followed 10 years later and the new wave of filmmaking that emerged at the beginning of the 21st century. It highlights the most important films, whether in terms of box office success or international acclaim, and covers both narrative features and documentaries. It also draws attention to an aspect of filmmaking that still has difficulty finding its place: women's cinema.

    "https://d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net/media/media/3fc2649b-c4d7-4fc5-8f8f-d2d67ed75621.jpg" // resources/views/front/categories/view.blade.php
    
    https://d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net/media/media/3fc2649b-c4d7-4fc5-8f8f-d2d67ed75621.jpg Quebec Film History: 1990 to Present
  • Article

    Quebec Resolutions

    The Quebec Resolutions are a list of 72 policy directives that formed the basis of Canada’s Constitution. They emerged from the Charlottetown Conference (1–9 September 1864) and the Quebec Conference (10–27 October 1864). Those meetings were held by politicians from the five British North American colonies to work out the details of how they would unite into a single country. (See also: Confederation.) The Quebec Resolutions were finalized at the London Conference (4 December 1866 to March 1867). They formed the basis of the British North America Act — the first building block of Canada’s Constitution — which established the Dominion of Canada on 1 July 1867.

    "https://d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net/media/media/3bac7236-85c5-44fe-8cea-2d0c2948c5df.jpg" // resources/views/front/categories/view.blade.php
    
    https://d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net/media/media/3bac7236-85c5-44fe-8cea-2d0c2948c5df.jpg Quebec Resolutions
  • Article

    Reference re Secession of Quebec

    The Reference re Secession of Quebec was a reference case of the Supreme Court of Canada. It came after the 1995 Quebec referendum. The Court was faced with the question of whether Quebec could decide on its own to secede from Canada.

    "https://d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net/media/media/7ac02b0f-118b-4ccb-b6dc-81f218b68954.jpg" // resources/views/front/categories/view.blade.php
    
    https://d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net/media/media/7ac02b0f-118b-4ccb-b6dc-81f218b68954.jpg Reference re Secession of Quebec
  • Article

    Québec Shoe Workers' Strike

    The Québec Shoe Workers' Strike, properly a lockout, 27 October-10 December 1900, was the first direct intervention in a labour conflict by Québec Catholic clergy and the first step toward the creation of Catholic unions (see CONFEDERATION OF NATIONAL TRADE UNIONS).

    "https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/images/tce_placeholder.jpg?v=e9dca980c9bdb3aa11e832e7ea94f5d9" // resources/views/front/categories/view.blade.php
    
    https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/images/tce_placeholder.jpg?v=e9dca980c9bdb3aa11e832e7ea94f5d9 Québec Shoe Workers' Strike
  • Article

    2012 Québec Student Strike

    In 2012, Québec and Canada experienced the longest student strike in their histories. The strike lasted several months (from 13 February to 7 September 2012) and pitted students in Québec against the provincial government on the issue of tuition fee increases.

    "https://d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net/media/media/4e6b7748-1d05-452c-87c2-f62bd4603344.JPG" // resources/views/front/categories/view.blade.php
    
    https://d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net/media/media/4e6b7748-1d05-452c-87c2-f62bd4603344.JPG 2012 Québec Student Strike