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Concertos and concertante music.

Concordia University Electroacoustics/Électroacoustiques Université Concordia (Concordia Electroacoustic Composers' Group/Groupe électroacoustique de Concordia 1982-9).

CJRT Orchestra. Concert and broadcasting ensemble formed in Toronto in 1975 by Paul Robinson for the independent non-commercial educational radio station CJRT-FM (which receives 70 per cent of its funding from the Ontario government and 30 per cent from private donors).

Classical Quartet of Montreal/Quatuor classique de Montréal. Founded in 1968 by Arthur Garami, violinist. Robert Verebes, violist, was the only other original member remaining when the quartet disbanded in 1976.

Although there are relatively few Canadians of Cuban origin (379 in 1987), there is a discernible influence of Cuban music on Canadian music, due mainly to its impact on various international styles of pop music, which has often come to Canada via the USA or other Latin American countries.

Arion Male Voice Choir. Possibly Canada's oldest existing male choir devoted to the singing of secular music. It was founded in February 1893 (with initial, informal activities beginning in 1892) as the Arion Club of Victoria (BC) and gave its first concert 17 May 1893 at Institute Hall.

The migration of Chinese to Canada began in 1858 as a result of the Fraser River Gold Rush in British Columbia. Most of the 19th-century migrants, including those contracted for CPR labour from 1882 to 1885, came from Kwangtung (Canton) Province, some via the USA.

Words & Music (formerly Canadian Composer/Compositeur canadien).

Centrediscs. Record label devoted to Canada's 'living' concert repertoire, and an important promotional activity of the CMCentre. It was initiated during the tenure of CMCentre director general John P.L.

IntroductionOne may consider the repertoire of Canadian compositions in these categories in two ways. First, 'repertoire' may indicate those works which are played repeatedly.

Cantata Singers of Ottawa. Mixed 45-voice choir founded in 1964 by conductor Gerald Wheeler. Brian Law succeeded Wheeler in 1965 and gradually increased the choir's membership from its original 16.

The Chamber Players of Toronto. A 15-piece string ensemble, formed in 1968 by the players themselves and directed until 1977 from the first chair by the violinist Victor Martin (b Elne, France, of Spanish parents, 24 Sep 1940; a pupil of Antonio Arias, Lorand Fenyves, and Max Rostal).

Choral composition. From colonial days to the early years of the 21st century, Canadian composers have written works for performance by choirs. Canadian choral contributions include sacred and secular compositions in all categories.

Composition for ensemble teaching. Some Canadian composers have been loth - or insufficiently experienced - to work within the constraints imposed by writing for student performers.

"She's Like the Swallow." Distinctive Newfoundland variant of a large family of songs about unhappy love. Both Maud Karpeles (1930) and Kenneth Peacock (1960) collected it, and its beautiful tune has made it popular with many singers and choirs.

Of all Western countries, with the possible exception of the United Kingdom, France has had the chief and most persistent influence on the development of music in Canada. The French, arriving at the beginning of the 17th century, were the first Europeans to colonize the country.

In 1986 Canadians of German descent formed the fifth largest ethnic group in Canada - after French, English, Scottish, and Irish. In 1986 the figure was approximately 900,000 of German origin and an estimated 1,700,000 with German-speaking ancestors from various parts of Europe.

IntroductionConductors and conducting. The practice of beating time with hand, foot, stick, bow, or rolled-up sheet of paper to co-ordinate group performance is centuries old.

Performances given by one or more artists before audiences which have assembled, and usually paid admission fees, primarily for the purpose of hearing and contemplating music as music, distinct from music performed as an adjunct to other activities such as worship, ceremony, dining, or theatre.

The earliest settlement in Canada from this southernmost Scandinavian country was that founded at New Denmark, NB, in 1872. Danes also settled in Ontario, near London in 1893, and at Pass Lake, north of Port Arthur (Thunder Bay) in 1924.