Biology | The Canadian Encyclopedia

Browse "Biology"

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  • Article

    Evolution

    Modern understanding of evolution began in 1859 with publication of Charles Darwin's On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection.

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  • Article

    Experimental Farm

    Experimental Farm, see RESEARCH STATIONS.

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  • Article

    Farm Drainage

    Drainage problems are caused by an excess of water at the SOIL surface or in the root zone.

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  • Article

    Farm Silo

    Farm silos are storage structures for silages and high-moisture grains used for livestock feeds. Silos are a common fixture in livestock and mixed-farming operations across Canada.

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  • Article

    Floras and Botanical Journals

    Before 1900 a published "flora" was, loosely defined, a comprehensive, itemized description of the plants of a specific geographical region. Usually more than a mere list, it should have been an analytical description, discussing habitats and distribution and citing previous authorities.

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  • Article

    Food Additives

    Consumers normally consider that the term "food additive" refers to almost all substances, primarily chemical in nature, added to foods during production, manufacture, packaging or storage.

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  • Article

    Forest Economics

    Container seedlings such as this white spruce are grown in greenhouses and planted in March or June (courtesy Alberta Forest Service).Forest Economics FOREST economics is the application of economic principles to a wide range of subjects extending from management of the various forest resources through the processing, marketing and consumption of forest products. Forest economics has much in common with AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS, but although the latter discipline has an established academic history in Canada, no...

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  • Article

    Forest Survey

    Foresters use forest surveys to obtain information on the condition of the FOREST and monitor any changes, since there are not only surveys of standing trees, but also surveys after logging as well as forestry surveys aimed at prescribing treatments.

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  • Article

    Gender Identity

    The term “gender identity” refers to an individual’s sense of their own gender, or the gender they feel is most in keeping with how they see themselves.

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  • Article

    Genetic Diseases

    Genetic diseases result from chromosome abnormalities or mutant genes showing a specific pattern of inheritance. In addition, genetic factors are involved in susceptibility to some nongenetic DISEASES.

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  • Article

    Genetic Engineering

    Interspecies gene transfer occurs naturally; interspecies hybrids produced by sexual means can lead to new species with genetic components of both pre-existing species. Interspecies hybridization played an important role in the development of domesticated plants.

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  • Macleans

    Genetically-Altered Foods Debate

    With its fictional reconstruction of dinosaurs from prehistoric bits of DNA, the thrilling 1990 best-seller Jurassic Park and the spinoff blockbuster movie popularized the notion of genetic engineering.This article was originally published in Maclean's Magazine on January 20, 1997

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  • Macleans

    Genetically Modified Food Debate

    This article was originally published in Maclean’s magazine on October 18, 1999. Partner content is not updated. In keeping with the message, the medium was suitably high-tech: a transatlantic encounter conducted live by television satellite. Up on the giant screen in the London conference hall, Robert Shapiro, chief executive officer of the Monsanto Co.

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  • Article

    Genetically Modified Foods

    GM plants were first marketed in the 1990s. The first commercialized GM crop was a TOMATO called Flavr Savr (resistant to rotting), marketed in 1994 by a US-based company, Calgene. Since then, many GM crops have been commercialized.

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  • Article

    Genetics

    Genetics may be conveniently divided into 3 areas of study: transmission genetics, molecular genetics and population genetics.

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