Politics & Law | The Canadian Encyclopedia

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  • Article

    North-West Territories (1870–1905)

    The North-West Territories was the first Canadian territory. It was Established on 15 July 1870. As a territory, the region became part of Canada. But it lacked the population, economic and infrastructure resources to attain provincial status. It thus fell under the jurisdiction of the federal government. It covered a vast area, stretching west from a disputed boundary with Labrador, across the northern portions of present-day Quebec and Ontario, through the Prairies to British Columbia, and north from the 49th parallel to the Arctic Ocean. The territory was subject to numerous boundary changes before 1905. At that time, the provinces of Saskatchewan and Alberta were carved out of the southwest portion of the region. In 1906, the remaining territory was renamed the Northwest Territories.

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    https://d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net/media/media/1ca2e02a-e2e8-4709-acee-5581d6051d5c.jpg North-West Territories (1870–1905)
  • Article

    North-West Territories Act

    The North-West Territories Act, passed by the Liberal government of Alexander Mackenzie in April 1875, was an attempt to improve government administration and direct the development of the North-West Territories. Established in 1870, the North-West Territories was the first Canadian territory. It covered a vast area, stretching from Labrador to the Rocky Mountains and from the forty-ninth parallel to the Arctic Ocean.

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  • Macleans

    Northern Ireland Riots

    Richard Sterritt sounds sleepy after a night spent manning a Loyalist barricade in the Northern Irish border county of Armagh. But his voice swells when he's asked to describe the sound of a Lambeg drum. "It sounds like a church bell," he says of the ringing beat from the 45-lb.This article was originally published in Maclean's Magazine on July 22, 1996

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  • Article

    Northwest Territories and Confederation

    The Northwest Territories (NWT) entered Confederation in 1870 after Canada acquired Rupert’s Land and the North-Western Territory from the Hudson’s Bay Company. The smaller territory now known as the NWT is what remains after the creation of several other provinces and territories out of the original 1870 lands.

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    https://d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net/media/media/a08da9c3-b38b-4f80-a425-a29b706528af.jpg Northwest Territories and Confederation
  • Article

    Notwithstanding Clause

    Section 33 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms is known as the notwithstanding clause. Also known as the override clause, it is part of the Constitution of Canada. The clause allows federal, provincial or territorial governments to temporarily override, or bypass, certain Charter rights. These overrides are subject to renewal after five years. Although the clause is available to governments, its use is politically difficult and therefore rare. It is known colloquially as the “nuclear option,” because its use is considered extremely severe. Since the Constitution was patriated in 1982, the clause has been used only a handful of times by various provinces. The federal government has never invoked the clause.

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    https://d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net/media/media/eb6ec132-1f25-4df9-b54d-d101ef2e4e7e.jpg Notwithstanding Clause
  • Article

    Nova Scotia 1714-84

    Confirmed as British by the Treaty of Utrecht in 1713, the peninsula of Nova Scotia was neglected until 1749 - a period of "phantom rule" and "counterfeit suzerainty.

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    https://d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net/media/media/12f25a44-2508-4e64-9dd1-8eb4b212345d.jpg Nova Scotia 1714-84
  • Article

    Nova Scotia and Confederation

    Nova Scotia was one of the four founding provinces of Canada. It joined New Brunswick, Ontario and Quebec in Confederation on 1 July 1867. However, this was mainly because Confederation delivered the Intercolonial Railway to the Maritimes, and because of the efforts of Sir Charles Tupper. His government passed approval for Confederation in the colonial legislature despite popular opposition. (See Confederation’s Opponents.) Confederation was met with mass protests in the colony. Joseph Howe led a two-year effort to repeal the union. (See Repeal Movement.) But Howe finally decided he could do more to help his province by working inside the federal government. He joined the federal Cabinet in 1869.

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    https://d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net/media/media/7b457631-bb6e-40ee-bf61-fab12a06fb6d.jpg Nova Scotia and Confederation
  • Macleans

    Nova Scotia Government Falls

    For days, Nova Scotia Tory Leader John Hamm withstood the pressure.This article was originally published in Maclean's Magazine on July 1, 1999

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    https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/images/tce_placeholder.jpg?v=e9dca980c9bdb3aa11e832e7ea94f5d9 Nova Scotia Government Falls
  • Article

    Nova Scotia Pharmaceutical Society Case

    In the Nova Scotia Pharmaceutical Society case (1992), the Supreme Court took into account the doctrine of vagueness.

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    https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/images/tce_placeholder.jpg?v=e9dca980c9bdb3aa11e832e7ea94f5d9 Nova Scotia Pharmaceutical Society Case
  • Editorial

    Nova Scotia: The Cradle of Canadian Parliamentary Democracy

    The following article is an editorial written by The Canadian Encyclopedia staff. Editorials are not usually updated.

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    https://d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net/media/media/2756e679-0a69-460f-a9df-a12d63bd1a22.png Nova Scotia: The Cradle of Canadian Parliamentary Democracy
  • Macleans

    NS Premier John Savage Resigns

    According to his friends and longtime political associates, there are two John Savages. The first is the private man, whom they describe as warm and compassionate, a doting grandfather, an affable golf companion.This article was originally published in Maclean's Magazine on March 31, 1997

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    https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/images/tce_placeholder.jpg?v=e9dca980c9bdb3aa11e832e7ea94f5d9 NS Premier John Savage Resigns
  • Article

    Numbered Treaties

    The Numbered Treaties were a series of 11 treaties made between the Crown and First Nations from 1871 to 1921. The Numbered Treaties cover the area between the Lake of the Woods (northern Ontario, southern Manitoba) to the Rocky Mountains (northeastern British Columbia and interior Plains of Alberta) to the Beaufort Sea (north of Yukon and the Northwest Territories). The treaties provided the Crown with land for industrial development and white settlement. In exchange for their traditional territory, government negotiators made various promises to First Nations, both orally and in the written texts of the treaties. These include special rights to treaty lands and the distribution of cash payments, hunting and fishing tools, farming supplies, and the like. These terms of agreement are controversial and contested. To this day, the Numbered Treaties have ongoing legal and socio-economic impacts on Indigenous communities. (See also Treaties with Indigenous Peoples in Canada.)(This is a full-length entry about the Numbered Treaties. For a plain-language summary, please see Numbered Treaties (Plain-Language Summary.)

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    https://d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net/media/media/4913942c-18ec-4c1c-be27-6d74ec04cfbe.jpg Numbered Treaties
  • Article

    Nunavut and Confederation

    Nunavut — meaning "our land" in the Inuit language Inuktitut — entered Confederation in 1999 as Canada's third territory and newest member of the country.

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    https://d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net/media/media/c3b5ada1-b017-4ea1-ae8a-9d781a968d59.jpg Nunavut and Confederation
  • Macleans

    Nurses Defy Quebec Government

    Under a hazy sky, Helen Beath clutched a placard on the picket line outside Montreal General Hospital. Even though she retired in May after 43 years of nursing, Beath returned to the hospital last week to support her former colleagues.This article was originally published in Maclean's Magazine on July 12, 1999

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  • Macleans

    NWT Miner Guilty of Murder

    For 15 agonizing weeks, the three women sat in the Yellowknife courtroom in a row directly behind Crown prosecutor Peter Martin.This article was originally published in Maclean's Magazine on January 30, 1995

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    https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/images/tce_placeholder.jpg?v=e9dca980c9bdb3aa11e832e7ea94f5d9 NWT Miner Guilty of Murder