Government | The Canadian Encyclopedia

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  • Article

    Political Participation in Canada

    Canadians participate in the political system any time they voluntarily try to influence the outcome of an election, or a government or party policy. This can be done in various ways, from voting to campaigning for a political cause to running for political office. The highest turnout rate for a federal election was 79.4 per cent in 1958. Voter turnout in Canada declined in the 1990s and 2000s, reaching 58.8 per cent in 2008. The numbers then began trending upwards, reaching 68.3 per cent in 2015 and 67 per cent in 2019. Women, who gained the right to vote federally in 1918, vote at slightly higher rates than men. Older citizens are more politically active than younger ones, although voting among people age 18 to 34 increased sharply between 2011 and 2019.

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  • Article

    Politics in Alberta

    The province of Alberta has a majority United Conservative Party government, formed on 29 May 2023. The premier of the province is Danielle Smith and the lieutenant-governor is Salma Lakhani. Its first premier, Alexander C. Rutherford, was elected in 1905, after the province joined Confederation. Historically, Alberta provincial politics have been characterized by governing parties commanding huge majorities in the legislature, remaining in power for lengthy periods and then being decisively beaten by a new political force.

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  • Article

    Politics in Manitoba

    In the Manitoba provincial election on 3 October 2023, Wab Kinew and the New Democratic Party (NDP) won a majority government with 34 seats. Kinew, a 41-year-old Anishinaabe man, became the first First Nations person to be elected premier of a Canadian province. The Progressive Conservative Party was reduced from 35 seats to 22, while the Liberal Party won one seat. Manitoba’s lieutenant-governor is Anita R. Neville.

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  • Article

    Politics in New Brunswick

    The province of New Brunswick has a majority Progressive Conservative government, formed on 14 September 2020. The premier of the province is Blaine Higgs and the lieutenant-governor is Brenda Murphy. New Brunswick’s first premier following Confederation was Andrew Wetmore, who served from 1867 to 1870. New Brunswick politics have been dominated by one of two parties, the Liberals and the Conservatives (eventually Progressive Conservatives), each of which have held power for lengthy periods of time. In 1987, for example, Frank McKenna’s Liberal party won every seat in the legislature. This had only happened once before in Canadian history, when the Prince Edward Island Liberals won every seat in 1935.

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  • Article

    Politics in Nova Scotia

    The province of Nova Scotia has a majority Progressive Conservative government, formed on 17 August 2021. The premier of the province is Tim Houston and the lieutenant-governor is Arthur J. LeBlanc. Among Nova Scotia’s contributions to Canadian politics was the movement for responsible government, initiated by Joseph Howe, a political reformer, in 1836. In 1848, politicians in Nova Scotia formed the first responsible government in British North America.

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  • Article

    Premier

    A premier is the chief minister of a provincial government. Because of the shared framework of cabinet government, the office of provincial premier is similar to that held by Canada's Prime Minister.

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  • Article

    Prerogative Powers

    Prerogative powers are defined as "the residue of discretionary or arbitrary authority which at any given time is legally left in the hands of the CROWN.

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  • Article

    Prime Minister of Canada

    The prime minister (PM) is the head of the federal government. It is the most powerful position in Canadian politics. Prime ministers are not specifically elected to the position; instead, the PM is typically the leader of the party that has the most seats in the House of Commons. The prime minister controls the governing party and speaks for it; names senators and senior judges for appointment; and appoints and dismisses all members of Cabinet. As chair of Cabinet, the PM controls its agenda and greatly influences the activities and priorities of Parliament. In recent years, a debate has emerged about the growing power of prime ministers, and whether this threatens other democratic institutions.

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  • Article

    Prime Minister's Office

    The Prime Minister's Office (PMO) is a central agency that came into its own in the late 1960s.

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  • Article

    Prime Suspects: Canada's Prime Ministers, Caricatured

    In this exhibit of political artwork, cartoonist Bruce MacKinnon marks 2017, Canada's 150 birthday, with caricatures of the country's 23 prime ministers.

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  • Article

    Privy Council

    Privy Council is a common name for the King’s Privy Council for Canada. It is also known as His Majesty’s Privy Council for Canada. It was established (as the Queen’s Privy Council for Canada) under the Constitution Act, 1867. Its purpose is to advise the Crown (the reigning monarch).

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  • Macleans

    Provinces Assess Economic Future

    With the exception of Nova Scotia, every province has tabled its 1998-1999 budget.This article was originally published in Maclean's Magazine on June 8, 1998

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    https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/images/tce_placeholder.jpg?v=e9dca980c9bdb3aa11e832e7ea94f5d9 Provinces Assess Economic Future
  • Article

    Provincial Government in Canada

    Under Canada’s federal system, the powers of government are shared between the federal government and 10 provincial governments. The Constitution Act, 1867 granted specific jurisdiction to the provinces in 16 areas, compared to 29 for the federal government. However, provincial powers have expanded since then. Provinces can levy direct taxation and derive most of their non-tax revenue from the use of public lands and natural resources. Provincial governments in Canada are modelled on the British Westminster parliamentary tradition and reflect the principles of responsible government. They comprise an elected legislative assembly, from which a governing cabinet is selected by the premier. The lieutenant-governor assents to legislation as the representative of the Crown.

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  • Article

    Provincial Orders

    On 9 May 1991 Provincial Orders were incorporated into the Order of Precedence for Canadian Orders, Declarations and Medals through Order in Council approved by the government of Canada.

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  • Article

    Public Administration

    Public administration has no generally accepted definition. The scope of the subject is so great and so debatable that it is easier to explain than define. Public administration is both a field of study, or a discipline, and a field of practice, or an occupation.

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